National Botanical Garden Kiev
| National Botanical Garden “M. M. Hryschko “ New Botanical Garden |
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| View of the New Botanical Garden of Kiev | |
| Basic data | |
| place | Kiev |
| District | Pechersk Raion |
| Created | 1936 |
| Surrounding streets | Timirjasjewska Street, Boulevard of Friendship of Peoples, Lower Dnipro Chaussee, Bastion Street |
| Buildings | Monastery complexes, greenhouses |
| use | |
| User groups | Research , teaching , leisure |
| Technical specifications | |
| Parking area | 117 ha |
The National Botanical Garden “M. M. Hryschko ” (NBG) from Kiev (Ukrainian Національний Ботанічний сад ім. М. М. Гришка / Nazionalnyj Botanichnyj Sad MM Hryschka ) was rebuilt at the beginning of the 20th century and opened in 1936. It covers an area of 117 hectares and has around 13,000 different plants from all over the world, including a large number of shrubs and trees from Europe and East Asia. The biodiversity with yew , oak , maple , linden , birch , walnut , lilac and wild fruit is remarkable . In terms of expansion and vegetation, the NBG is one of the largest botanical facilities in Europe; it reports to the National Academy of Sciences . The little-known monastery complexes Wydubizki and Jona are also located on the site . The NBG is part of the national cultural heritage fund.
To distinguish it from the "AW Fomin" botanical garden , which was opened in Kiev in 1839 and belongs to the Taras Shevchenko University , the garden shown here is also called the New Botanical Garden and bears the name of the botanist Mykola Mykolaivytsch Hryschko ( Nikolai Nikolajewitsch Grischko ).
history
Origin and tasks
After the National Academy of Sciences was founded in 1918, the idea of creating our own botanical garden arose on the basis of the scientific work of the botanist Vladimir Ippolitowitsch Lipski . Preparations began under Lipski's leadership, who was also the first president of the science academy. He worked closely with the botanist Walter E. Schmidt. Due to the civil war after the end of the First World War, however, the work had to be stopped. Lipski accepted the post of director of the Odessa Botanical Garden in 1928 and therefore moved away from Kiev. Now academician Alexander Wassiljewitsch Fomin took over the continuation of the preparatory work including the official application. On September 22, 1935, the city soviet finally approved the establishment of a scientific botanical garden and made a larger wooded area in the Pechersk district available free of charge. The planting work for the preparation of an arboretum with trees and bushes from the Ukraine could begin the following spring. Mykola Hryschko, who was appointed the first director of the newly founded Kiev Institute of Botany, brought the scientist Jacob Klimowitsch Gotsik to Kiev to manage the new botanical garden. Financial problems of the academy led to a delayed development, so that by 1939 only 1000 plants could be planted in the open air. Around 1000 greenhouse plants were used at the same time in a newly built large laboratory building. The management of the new laboratory was in the hands of the researchers WM Ljubimenko, NG Kalte and AO Sapegin.
The most important tasks of the National Botanical Garden primarily include basic research on plant behavior and the dissemination of new knowledge in close cooperation with research institutions from home and abroad. A further step towards this was the opening of a special library in 1944, whose holdings had grown to around 85,000 publications in the field of botany by the beginning of the 21st century.
The Botanical Garden between 1944 and 1991
After the end of the Second World War , the corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Eugen M. Kondratjuk became the new director of the NBG. In accordance with the current requirements of the rebuilding of the economy in the entire Soviet Union, he shifted the focus of work to the rapid growth of crops while increasing yields and to questions of landscape design. The park itself was transformed into an important landscape park during these years. On March 29, 1964, the academy management decided to open the NBG to all interested parties.
Until 1991, when Ukraine was part of the Soviet Union, the complex was officially called the "Central Republican Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine".
The garden in this day and age
The NBG has been part of the National Academy of Sciences since the independence of Ukraine and fulfills the following main tasks: preservation and research of rare and endangered species of local and international flora ; Introducing, acclimatizing and growing plants (especially endangered species) and maintaining a plant seed bank . In addition, the botanical garden is of great importance for recreation, the environment and leisure.
The NBG is part of the Ukrainian Nature Conservation Fund.
The directors of the NBG and its predecessor
- (1918–1928: Wladimir Ippolitowitsch Lipski and Walter E. Schmidt)
- (1928–1935: Alexander W. Fomin and Mykola M. Hryschko)
- 1935: Walter Schmidt
- 1936–1944: Jacob Klimowitsch Gotsik
- 1944– ?: MM Hryschko
- ? –1965: Eugen M. Kondratjuk
- 1965–1988: Andrei M. Grodzinsky
- since 1988: Tatiana Scherewchenko, doctor of biology
Location and description of the facility
The park is at 1 Timirjasjewska Street (01014 Україна, м.Київ, вул.Тімірязєвська, 1) and is located in an area formerly known as an animal enclosure, whose rich wildlife was hunted in the dense forest by princes and their guests. The site lies on the slope of the Dnieper between the Boulevard of Friendship of Nations, the Lower Dnipro Chaussee, the Bastion Street and the Timirjasjewska. From the main entrance on Bastionsstrasse, which is flanked by two ultra-modern gateways, the footpaths to the various parts of the garden lead off radially. The main path is designed like a promenade. The NBG contains gardens with monoculture (Моносади) such as roses or lilies, collections of tropical and subtropical plants (a total of 3000 species have been collected), collections of fruit, vegetables and herbs, collections of flowering ornamental plants; Overall, the area is divided into 28 sub-areas. The area of the orchards and gardens is not open to the public. In previous years, receptions for state guests were held here.
Around 40 percent of the park is modeled on the natural habitat of the plants of Eurasia that live here : forest areas of Ukraine, the steppe of Ukraine, the Ukrainian Carpathians , Crimea, the Caucasus region, Central Asia , the Far East, Altai and Western Siberia . - In 1970 an area was set up with the aim of planting, breeding and releasing particularly rare plants from the Ukraine such as the yellow rhododendron ( Rhododendron luteum Sweet ) or the real lady's slipper ( Cypripedium calceolus L. ). - In the area of the Ukrainian steppe, a 2000-year-old South Ukrainian idol was placed on a hill and came to Kiev as a gift. Vandals chopped off the stone head at the beginning of the 21st century, its whereabouts are unknown.
In the park there are numerous greenhouses and a 32 m high greenhouse with around 2000 m² of usable space. More than 200 species of azaleas , camellias , orchids , succulents and tropical fruits can be seen here. In 2010 a second greenhouse started to be built. It will show other tropical plants as well as small animals and aquatic life.
NBG service and transport links
The NBG organizes scientific conferences and also trains gardeners in its own courses.
For visitor groups, school classes or larger companies, the employees of the NBG take on guided tours, advice or training courses on design and landscaping , the correct planting and care of trees including fruit trees, shrubs or flowering plants, the creation of lawns, rock gardens , hedges or flower beds, greening of winter gardens , design from balconies, agrochemistry and soil science , soil improvement and much more.
A summer café, a small restaurant and leisure activities with a skate rink , children's playgrounds and many outdoor seating areas are popular offers for visitors.
The landscape garden can be reached from the metro station Druzby Narodiv (“Friendship of the Nations”), with the trolleybuses 14, 62 or the minibus Marschrutki 62.
literature
- Günther Schäfer: Discover Kiev. Tours through the metropolis on the Dnepr. Trescher Verlag, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-89794-111-3 ; P. 295 ff: Tour 14: South of the cave monastery
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Stroll in the Kiev Botanical Garden. Retrieved August 31, 2010
- ↑ a b c website with tourist recommendations; Retrieved October 11, 2010
- ↑ a b c Brief description of the NBG (ukr.); Retrieved and evaluated with the Google translation tool on August 31, 2010
- ↑ Discover Kiev ... , p. 303
- ↑ a b Discover Kiev ... , p. 304
Coordinates: 50 ° 24 ′ 55 ″ N , 30 ° 33 ′ 45 ″ E