Kiev Botanical Garden
| Botanical Garden "AW Fomin" Old Botanical Garden |
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View of the garden from Shevchenko Boulevard, 2010 |
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| Basic data | |
| place | Kiev |
| Created | 1839 |
| Surrounding streets | Taras Shevchenko Boulevard , Wolodymyrska Street , Wietrowa / Tolstoy Street, Comintern Street |
| Buildings | Entrance buildings, greenhouses, teaching and research buildings; Museum of the History of the Botanical Garden |
| use | |
| User groups | Leisure , events , teaching , research |
| Park design | Ernst Rudolph von Trautvetter |
| Technical specifications | |
| Parking area | 227,000 m² |
The Botanical Garden "AW Fomin" in Kiev (BGK) (Ukrainian Національний Ботанічний сад ім О. В. Фоміна. / Nazionalnyj Botanitschnyj Sad AW Fomin , Russian . Ботанический сад им А. В. Фомина ) was in 1839 as a department of the Faculty of Biology of the then Vladimir University opened. It occupies an area of 22.7 ha . To distinguish it from the botanical garden “M. M. Hryschko ” , which is subordinate to the National Academy of Sciences , the garden depicted here is also called the Old Botanical Garden . In 1936 he received the name of his long-time director Alexander Vasilyevich Fomin . The garden now contains around 10,000 plant species, including 143 registered in the Red List .
history
Origin and first tasks
The architect Vincent Beretti , who was responsible for the construction of the Kiev University, had already suggested the creation of a botanical garden in the valleys and on the heights around the college. As early as 1829, the first 513 plants from the collection of the Kremenetzki Lyceum (now the Kremenetzki Pedagogical Institute ) were planted on the undeveloped areas. All other work was suspended for about five years due to lack of money. Then the well-known botanist Ernst Rudolph von Trautvetter could be won over to furnish the gardens and the German architect Max Laufer for the buildings. The official founding date is May 22, 1839, when Trautvetter carried out the first new planting. In the meantime, other plants had been grown from sperm donations from other botanical gardens in the then Russian Empire or were delivered directly to Kiev. Tropical and subtropical plants were also placed in newly built greenhouses . To design the complex, the landscape was divided into terraces; the most important construction work was completed in 1850. Trautvetter was appointed director of the botanical garden. In 1841 the park received official recognition (permanent status). At first it served the Kiev Vladimir University primarily for research and teaching purposes. In 1852 the inventory book of the Botanical Garden shows 25,416 trees and 419 bushes.
Simultaneously with the founding of the Botanical Garden, a special scientific library opened, which meanwhile (as of 2009) holds more than 40,000 books and journals on botany and other branches of biology. The first main gardener of the Botanical Garden was Johann Heinrich Hochmuth, like Trautwetter, who was also of German descent.
Directors of the Botanical Garden
- 1835–1852: Ernst Rudolph von Trautvetter
- 1852–1879: AS Rogowitsch
- 1879–1894: Johannes Theodor Schmalhausen (Иван Фёдорович Шмальгаузен)
- 1894–1914: Sergei Gawrilowitsch Navashin
- 1914–1935: Alexander Wassiljewitsch Fomin
- 1935–2007: not known
- from 2008: Igor Juriowitsch Kostikow (Director of the Botanical Institute of the University)
The botanical garden in the 20th century
From 1908 to 1913, the site also served as a zoological garden until its own facility was inaugurated . Under the director Fomin, despite the First World War and the civil war, the garden was largely preserved, and three new greenhouses were added during this time.
After Fomin's death in 1935, the City University gave the Botanical Garden the honorary name “AW Fomin”.
In the years 1941 to 1943, when the German Wehrmacht occupied Kiev during the Second World War , numerous valuable plants perished or were brought to Germany. As early as 1944, repairs could be made to the buildings and new plantings were made. The university garden was made accessible to the public. The Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR declared the “Fomin” garden a national cultural monument in 1960 and placed it under protection.
In 1977 the largest greenhouse in the world at that time was inaugurated on the area of the Botanical Garden, 30 meters high and an area of 10,000 square meters. This is where Europe's oldest palm (as of 2007), over 200 years old, grows.
The independent Ukrainian state, founded in 1991, took over the University of Kiev and the facilities connected to it.
In the 21st century
At the end of 2009 a population of around 10,000 different plant species was given. Nowadays, the BGK fulfills important tasks in terms of conservation and research into rare and threatened plant species, introduction, acclimatization and breeding of plants and much more. A new greenhouse was completed in 2010.
In 2004, an existing building on the territory was redesigned as a museum about the history of this botanical garden. The exhibition presents more than 20 herbarium specimens and more than 2000 exhibits of higher and lower plants. The museum also exhibits scientific works by academician S. G. Navashin and other eminent Kiev botanists. It also serves as a science and education center; its employees participate in teaching or organize tours through the various areas of the garden.
On the occasion of the 170th anniversary of the Old Botanical Garden, an international scientific conference of botanists was held in Kiev in 2009.
Location and description of the facility
The park-like area is delimited by Taras Shevchenko Boulevard in the north, Wolodymyrska Street in the east, Wietrowa / Tolstoi Street in the south and Comintern Street.
The entire botanical garden is divided into four main research areas, including (1) dendrology , (2) shrub science , (3) tropical and subtropical flora and (4) plant physiology and plant biology. These areas are underlined by eight academic departments, each headed by a curator .
The main entrance (“Propylaea entrance”) on Shevchenko Boulevard near the University metro station is marked by a small temple-like structure. From here, irregularly laid paths run into the most important areas of the complex such as coniferous tree plantations , rare and endangered trees, ornamental plants, flowers, rock garden plants, flora of the Ukraine, Europe, Central Asia and North America, medicinal plants .
Web links
- Botanical OW Fomin Garden on goethe.de
- ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: Ботанический сад имени акад. А. В. Фомина Homepage of BGK ) (Russian)
- Homepage of the Shevchenko University with information on the Botanical Garden (Ukrainian)
literature
- Günther Schäfer: Discover Kiev. Tours through the metropolis on the Dnepr. Trescher Verlag Berlin, 2007, ISBN 978-3-89794-111-3 ; P. 170–171: The Botanical Garden
Individual evidence
- ^ Ernst Rudolph Trautvetter and Johann Heinrich Hochmuth on trips to Kiev; Retrieved January 3, 2015.
- ↑ Discover Kiev. ... ; P. 171
Coordinates: 50 ° 26 ′ 35.7 ″ N , 30 ° 30 ′ 18.9 ″ E