National Council of Resistance of Iran

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The National Council of Resistance of Iran ( NCRI for short , Persian شورای ملی مقاومت ایران Schoraye Melli-e Moghawemat-e-Iran ) is aresistance movement foundedin August 1981 by the first Iranian President Abolhassan Banisadr and Massoud Rajavi in Paris , which has set itself thegoal ofending the theocratic government of Iran . While she describes herself as the “parliament in exile of the Iranian resistance”, the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution seesher as the political arm of the largest militant resistance group in Iran, the People's Mujahedin (Modschahedin-e Chalgh) . The NWRI has been represented in Germany since 1994; it has around 900 members (as of 2008).

Saddam Hussein and Massoud Rajavi (1986 in Baghdad)

Parliament in exile

According to the self-portrayal of the NCRI, the parliament in exile, which was constituted in Paris in 1993, has 550 members. Representatives of ethnic and religious minorities such as Kurds , Baluch , Jews and Zoroastrians are supposed to represent a broad spectrum of political tendencies in Iran. The NCRI aims to create a democratic and secular coalition government in Iran. Women should make up half of its members. NCRI comprises five organizations, including the People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran .

In August 1993, the NCRI unanimously elected Maryam Rajavi as president for the transition period after the overthrow of the mullahs . In an address to 15,000 Iranians in Dortmund on June 16, 1995 in Germany, Ms. Rajavi announced the Charter of Fundamental Freedoms for the future of Iran .

Political assessment

The NCRI was supported by the Iraqi government of Saddam Hussein .

The United States viewed the NCRI as a terrorist organization since October 8, 1997. The deletion from the terrorist list took place, together with the People's Mujahedin, on September 28, 2012. Ms. Rajavi was connected to a video conference on April 29, 2015 by the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs in a hearing on the Islamic State .

The EU Council always viewed the People's Mujahedin separately from the NCRI. The People's Mujahedin, as well as the NLA , a military arm disarmed in Iraq (“ Camp Ashraf ”) in 2003 , were classified as a terrorist organization from 2001 to 2009. "The NCRI was still expressly excluded from the listing - as in all previous decisions of the EU Council."

“It is an endeavor that aims to implement its worldview, which is made up of Islamic-Shiite and Marxist elements, also by means of military force in Iran, thus bringing about the overthrow of the current regime. In this respect, this organization is still an endeavor that is directed against the idea of ​​international understanding and the peaceful coexistence of peoples. "

- Lower Saxony State Parliament - 16th electoral term for printed matter 16/2674 ; Small request

Since 2009, contrary to previous years, the activities of the People's Mujahedin and NCRI have not been mentioned in the German reports on the protection of the constitution.

Leadership style

According to the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, the propagated principle of democracy does not apply within the organization.

“In a system of sect-like leadership style, peer pressure, the Stalinist leadership cult [...] as well as diverse psychological repression, the activists have, at least in the past, been pressured to give up their own personalities completely. They had to implement the orders of their leadership without criticism. In the past, supporters of the organization [...] were even forced to divorce and isolated from their families so that they could devote themselves fully to their work for the organization without any distraction. The children of those affected were housed - separated according to gender and age group - in the organization's own so-called children's houses [...]. "

- Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution . 2006.

Actions

On June 17, 2003, the NCRI European headquarters was searched by French authorities. Maryam Rajavi and eleven high-ranking NCRI officials were temporarily arrested and travel and communication restrictions were imposed on them. The cause of the police action was an investigation into "the suspicion of criminal fundraising methods, the establishment of a terrorist organization and other offenses". In connection with the search of the European headquarters of the NCRI, a total of eleven self-immolation campaigns with two deaths occurred in Paris, London, Rome and Bern . A Paris appellate court lifted the restrictions on June 16, 2006, and the case was closed on September 17, 2014.

Since 2004 there has been an annual mass rally in Paris to mark the search. On June 27, 2008, tens of thousands of supporters of the National Council of Resistance demonstrated in Paris for the overthrow of the regime in Iran. According to the spokesman for the National Council of Resistance, Shahin Gobadi, 70,000 people from all over the world attended the rally in Villepinte near Paris. At this event, several thousand exiled Russians and exiled Ukrainians living in Germany were approached by buses as jubilation Persians.

The election campaign of the national conservative , right-wing populist Spanish party Vox in the European elections in 2014 was 80 percent financed by the National Council of Resistance of Iran with an amount of 800,000 euros.

Associated Organizations

According to the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution , the NCRI used associations in Germany to carry out propaganda and financial activities. Club members collect donations for their organization on the street. The associations that the NCRI used according to the constitution protection report of 2008 include

  • Human Rights Center for Exile Iranians eV (MEI) Düsseldorf
  • Human Rights Association for Migrants eV, Aachen
  • Aid for Human Rights in Iran eV (HMI), Dortmund
  • Association for People and Freedom eV (VMF), Troisdorf
  • Association for Hope of the Future eV (VHdZ), Berlin.

The German Central Institute for Social Issues (DZI) expressly warns against donations to the associations:

  • Human Rights Association for Migrants eV, Aachen
  • Association for Hope of the Future eV (VHdZ), Berlin

In addition, the Association for Hope of the Future eV (VHdZ) was supported by the Supervision and Service Directorate (ADD) in Trier, the authority in Rhineland-Palatinate responsible for monitoring the collection law, collecting donations and soliciting supporting members in Rhineland-Palatinate prohibited.

controversy

The National Council of Resistance commented on the Office for the Protection of the Constitution report from 2008 and assumed that "Lies spread by the Iranian regime about the organization and also the organization of the People's Mojahedin would also be copied by the Office for the Protection of the Constitution in their reports."

In November 2008, the Society for Threatened Peoples dissociated itself from a joint event with the National Council of Resistance of Iran because it was not informed "of the ideology, methods and structure of the Iranian People's Mojahedin that are hiding behind this council".

In a legal opinion, at the request of the National Council of Resistance Iran, Representation in Germany (Berlin), Exile-Iranian Society in Berlin eV, Human Rights Association for Migrants eV and Association for Hope of the Future eV (VHdZ) comes the former Vice President of the Federal Constitutional Court , Winfried Hassemer , in May 2009 to the conclusion that the representations of the organizations in the reports on the protection of the constitution of the federal and state governments run the risk of undermining the "fundamental rights holders in their fundamental rights [... to freedom of expression and freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, freedom of association and in their fundamental right ...] to a constitutional, Violating fair trial without constitutional justification. [...] Whether this risk of fundamental rights violations has actually materialized cannot be decided within the framework of a legal opinion. "

See also

literature

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ The Association of Iranian Refugee Children's Aid Cologne eV is said to have been involved in illegal activities. The association received government aid amounting to millions of euros illegally and used this money to purchase weapons, among other things. See bundestag.de ( Memento of the original from June 14, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / pdok.bundestag.de
  2. ↑ Without having the required collection permit, the association collected donations in particular through personal home visits. In addition, “an appropriate use of the collection proceeds could not be determined”.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Constitutional Protection Report 2008, pp. 296–299. - ( Memento of the original from February 16, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bmi.bund.de
  2. ↑ Verfassungsschutz Report 2013, p. 330. Archived copy ( memento of the original from October 6, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.verfassungsschutz.de
  3. ↑ a b c Bahman Nirumand : The one with the black folders . In: "taz, the daily newspaper" , No. 8150 of December 13, 2006, p. 4.
  4. ↑ im.nrw.de  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Image change of the People's Modjahedin Iran (accessed June 7, 2015)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.mik.nrw.de  
  5. ^ National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI) overview
  6. ↑ a b c d Volksmodjahedin Iran and its front organization National Council of Resistance Iran ( Memento of September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ). In: Brochure of the Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution, January 2006. (accessed on June 7, 2015)
  7. ↑ a b German Bundestag: Drucksache 15/3911
  8. ↑ gpo.gov (accessed June 7, 2015)
  9. ↑ delistmek.com Legal Challenges to MEK's Blacklisting in US, UK, and EU Courts (accessed June 7, 2015)
  10. ↑ gpo.gov (accessed June 5, 2015)
  11. ↑ docs.house.gov Subcommittee Hearing: ISIS: Defining the Enemy, April 29, 2015, Serial No. 114-31.
  12. ↑ docs.house.gov The House Foreign Affairs Committee, Subcommittee on Terrorism, Non-Proliferation and Trade (accessed June 20, 2015)
  13. ↑ eur-lex.europa.eu (PDF) (accessed on June 5, 2015)
  14. ↑ france3 Non-lieu général dans l'enquête sur les Moudjahidine du Peuple (accessed June 14, 2015)
  15. ↑ Focus.de Assembly of 70,000 opposition members in Paris. (accessed on June 5, 2015)
  16. ↑ spiegel.de Folk festival against the mullahs. (accessed on June 5, 2015)
  17. ^ Jungewelt.de People's Mujahideen claim that Russians and Ukrainians are Iranian opposition in exile. (as of July 9, 2008)
  18. ↑ https://elpais.com/politica/2019/01/11/actualidad/1547224673_461197.html Joaquín Gil y José María Irujo: "El exilio iraní financió el 80% de la campaña de Vox de 2014" El País, 13. January 2019
  19. ↑ dzi.de
  20. ↑ dzi.de
  21. ↑ add.rlp.de ( Memento of the original from March 7, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on June 5, 2015) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.add.rlp.de
  22. ^ Reply to the BfV report
  23. ↑ Press release of the GfbV gfbv.de  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed June 7, 2015)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.gfbv.de  
  24. ↑ Did the Office for the Protection of the Constitution violate fundamental rights? (PDF; 653 kB)