National park effect

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The national park effect (also national park effect ) describes the reduced shyness and lower flight distance of wild animals towards humans , which can be observed after the establishment of protected areas (e.g. national parks ).

The term was coined by the German biologist , geobotanist and landscape ecologist Heinz Ellenberg and the Austrian ethologist and ecologist Wolfgang Scherzinger . The effect is attributed to the permanent elimination of high-level disturbance stimuli (e.g. by avoiding hunting combined with a strict route requirement in the respective protected area), which give the wild animals a habitat , i.e. H. Allows getting used to frequently occurring but harmless stimuli (e.g. the repeated appearances of hikers on a hiking trail).

See also

literature

  • Hans-Heiner Bergmann , Volkhard Wille: Escape or get used to? Defense strategies of wild animals in response to disturbance situations. In: Peter Sturm, Notker Mallach (ed.): Störungsökologie (= Laufen seminar contributions ). No. 1. Bavarian Academy for Nature Conservation and Landscape Management (ANL), 2001, ISBN 978-3-931175-59-7 , ISSN 0175-0852 , pp. 17-21 ( archive.org [PDF]).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Hans-Heiner Bergmann, Volkhard Wille: Escape or get used? - Wildlife defense strategies in response to disruptive situations . In: Peter Sturm, Notker Mallach (ed.): Störungsökologie (=  Laufen seminar contributions ). No. 1 . Bavarian Academy for Nature Conservation and Landscape Management (ANL), 2001, ISBN 978-3-931175-59-7 , ISSN  0175-0852 , p. 17–21 ( archive.org [PDF]).
  2. ↑ Marco Heurich: Model studies on wildlife management in protected areas using the example of the Bavarian Forest National Park . German Federal Environment Foundation, Osnabrück 2014, DNB  1051856779 , p. 11 ( archive.org [PDF]).
  3. ↑ Klaus Taschwer: Research special: Where the little book no longer pops. In: derstandard.at. September 28, 2017, archived from the original on October 21, 2019 ; accessed on October 21, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Glossary - Detail. In: Wadden Sea Protection Station. Archived from the original on October 21, 2019 ; accessed on October 21, 2019 .
  5. ↑ Rainer Holz: 11.1 The pure teaching: space is not everything, without space everything is nothing . In: Hermann Baier, Frithjof Erdmann, Rainer Holz, Arno Waterstraat (ed.): Freedom and nature conservation: The effects of disturbances and fragmentation in the landscape . 1st edition. Springer, Berlin 2006, ISBN 978-3-540-30824-9 , pp. 290 , doi : 10.1007 / 3-540-30824-5 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  6. ↑ Jordi Natascha: Tourist and socio-cultural significance of wildlife observation and their effects on wild animals . Zurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, Wädenswil 2010, p. 72 ff . ( archive.org [PDF]).