Kornati National Park

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Kornati National Park
Kornati National Park (Croatia)
Paris plan pointer b jms.svg
Coordinates: 43 ° 48 ′ 0 ″  N , 15 ° 19 ′ 48 ″  E
Location: Šibenik-Knin , Croatia
Next city: Murter , Biograd
Surface: 220 km 2
Founding: 1980
Visitors: about 50,000 (2005)
Address: www.np-kornati.hr
Butina 2
HR-22243 Murter
Tel. +385 22 435 740
i3 i6

The Kornati National Park (Croat. Nacionalni park Kornati ), also known as the Kornati National Park , includes part of the Kornati archipelago ( Croat . Kornatski otoci or simply Kornati ), an archipelago in the Croatian Adriatic . The Kornati are the densest archipelago in the Mediterranean and were placed under strict nature protection as a national park in 1980 . The total area of ​​this national park is 220 square kilometers. The area is karst . The (submarine) marine area surrounding the islands is also part of the national park.

In total the national park consists of 89 islands, islets and rocks. The largest is called Kornat . Most of the vegetation on the islands is sparse. The islands consist of limestone , are either sparsely overgrown ( macchia ) or bare. There are no streams or springs. The national park administration is located in the village of Murter on the island of the same name not far from the archipelago . The inhabitants of the island of Murter have always been considered to be closely connected to this group of islands, which is why they are now responsible for managing the archipelago.

For sailors is Kornati Cup in the spring of interesting.

View from the island of Kornat in northwest direction

Origin of name and geological composition

The name of the Kornati Islands is due to the special geological conditions in this marine region. The subsurface condition does not differ particularly from that of the nearby mainland, i.e. This means that the Kornati subsoil consists of very porous limestone. In contrast to all other Adriatic islands, the Kornati have steep walls (cliffs) that slope towards the open sea. These cliffs are referred to by the local population as so-called "crowns" (Croatian krune , Italian corone ), which is particularly noticeable when viewed from the side. In some places the cliff reaches up to 90 m below sea level (for example near the islands of Piškera and Rasip ). The highest cliffs that drop steeply into the sea are on the island of Klobučar (82 m above sea level).

The islands of the Kornati National Park through history

Neolithic

People lived on the Kornati islands as early as the Neolithic . This is indicated by finds of stone axes in the Zeljkovac field , below the Pedinka mountain on the Kornat island .

Illyrians and Goths

The first confirmed colonizations of the islands date from the time of the Illyrians and Goths . This is indicated by small, square houses that stand individually or in groups (there are remains, for example, under the Pedinka mountain, above the Zeljkovac field). There are also small settlements (Šćikat, Stražišće, Tureta, Grba) and clusters that indicate a larger population at this time (these are located on almost all the hills on the islands of Kornat and Žut ).

The Roman Empire

The Roman Empire also left its mark on the Kornati islands. Today the remains of a villa rustica in Proversi and fish tanks on Svrsati can be admired. Further traces of the Roman Empire can mainly be found under water, such as the salt plant in Sipnatam or the port facilities in Vela Proversa.

The Byzantine Empire

According to many, the rule of the Byzantines or Goths left behind the most striking building that is located on the Kornati islands : the Tureta fortress on the island of Kornat. The building can be assigned to the late antiquity or the early Middle Ages and probably dates from the 6th century, i.e. before the Croatians settled the Adriatic . It is believed that the fortress was built for military purposes to secure navigation in the then dangerous Adriatic.

There is also an early Christian basilica (also from the Byzantine Empire) below the Tureta fortress. Today most of the apse and parts of the foundation walls can be visited. Due to the size of the church (30 × 13 m) it is assumed that a considerable number of residents must have lived on the island during this time.

Traces of a building can be found in the immediate vicinity of the church. Here the scientists do not agree on whether it is a Templar or a Benedictine monastery .

Migration of Nations

With the arrival of the Croatians in what is now Dalmatia, the Roman population was forced to flee from the mainland to the islands. However, this was only short-lived, as the sea was no longer a further obstacle for the Croatians. So it happened that the Kornati islands remained almost uninhabited until the 13th century.

middle Ages

From the 13th century the Kornati were settled again. Various buildings from the Middle Ages can be visited. One of these structures is the church " Gospa od Tarca " ( Eng . Madonna of Tarac , often referred to as Queen of the Seas ) in the bay of Tarac, which was probably built on the remains of an early Christian basilica. An exact dating of this church is not possible, so the dates vary from 12./13. Century, 14th century to 15th / 16th century The remains of a salt store and the remains of a salt production plant (probably second half of the 14th century) in the bay of Lavsa that have sunk in the sea also date from the Middle Ages .

Republic of Venice

The Kornati were especially known for fishing in the 16th century. For example, the Republic of Venice built a castle on the small island of Vela Panitula , which was mainly used to collect taxes on fishing in the Kornati Islands. In the immediate vicinity of the castle, on the island of Piškera (Jadra), a fishing village was built. The two islands were connected by a bridge. A church with Gothic elements was also built in the fishing village, which was consecrated in 1560. With the fall of the Republic of Venice at the end of the 18th century, the castle and the fishing village were abandoned. So today there are hardly any traces of the village left, the same applies to the fort. However, the church has been restored. It is still visited regularly today.

Tourism and Access

From the nearby coastal towns, excursions to the Kornati National Park are offered almost daily in the summer months. Most of the excursions are offered from the village of Murter, which is also home to the national park administration. Immediately north of the Kornati National Park is the Telaščica Nature Park .

Access to the protected national park area is chargeable. Boats that drive through the national park area are obliged to either pay an entry fee directly on site or to pay this to the national park administration in advance. In addition, strict rules of conduct apply within the national park area.

The islands of the national park

f1Georeferencing Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap

The island of Kornat with the small town of Vrulje
Levrnaka Island
Lavsa Island
The island of Mana
No. island surface height Geographical location
1. Kornat 32,463,820 m² 237 m 43 ° 48 ′ 6 ″  N , 15 ° 20 ′ 0 ″  E
2. Piškera 2,668,046 m² 126 m 43 ° 46 ′ 0 ″  N , 15 ° 20 ′ 20 ″  E
3. Levrnaka 1,833,883 m² 117 m 43 ° 49 ′ 26 "  N , 15 ° 14 ′ 45"  E
4th Lavsa 1,756,113 m² 111 m 43 ° 45 ′ 0 ″  N , 15 ° 22 ′ 15 ″  E
5. Kurba Vela 1,736,793 m² 117 m 43 ° 41 ′ 55 "  N , 15 ° 29 ′ 40"  E
6th Smokvica Vela 1,054,430 m² 94 m 43 ° 43 ′ 40 "  N , 15 ° 28 ′ 40"  E
7th Škulj 881,017 m² 145 m 43 ° 43 ′ 20 "  N , 15 ° 27 ′ 20"  E
8th. Silo Velo 676,758 m² 63 m 43 ° 51 ′ 10 ″  N , 15 ° 13 ′ 45 ″  E
9. Lunga 617,814 m² 81 m 43 ° 43 ′ 45 "  N , 15 ° 25 ′ 15"  E
10. Mana 395,627 m² 77 m 43 ° 48 ′ 0 ″  N , 15 ° 16 ′ 20 ″  E
11. Aba Vela 383,042 m² 43 ° 52 ′ 0 ″  N , 15 ° 12 ′ 50 ″  E
12. Oključ 358,291 m² 69 m 43 ° 41 ′ 40 "  N , 15 ° 28 ′ 30"  E
13. Kasela 342,384 m² 53 m 43 ° 44 ′ 20 "  N , 15 ° 23 ′ 25"  E
14th Kameni Žakan 320,008 m² 30 m 43 ° 43 ′ 10 ″  N , 15 ° 26 ′ 20 ″  E
15th Ravni Žakan 301,058 m² 38 m 43 ° 43 ′ 40 "  N , 15 ° 26 ′ 5"  E
16. Gustac 284,502 m² 45 m 43 ° 46 ′ 35 "  N , 15 ° 20 ′ 55"  E
17th Gustac 284,450 m² 78 m 43 ° 44 ′ 50 ″  N , 15 ° 23 ′ 0 ″  E
18th Borovnik 273,219 m² 56 m 43 ° 48 ′ 40 "  N , 15 ° 15 ′ 15"  E
19th Svršata Vela 270,089 m² 31 m 43 ° 51 ′ 40 "  N , 15 ° 16 ′ 35"  E
20th Gominjak 253,298 m² 63 m 43 ° 43 ′ 20 "  N , 15 ° 24 ′ 40"  E
21st Rašip Veli 246,069 m² 62 m 43 ° 46 ′ 40 ″  N , 15 ° 18 ′ 15 ″  E
22nd Rašip Mali 154,559 m² 56 m 43 ° 47 ′ 20 "  N , 15 ° 17 ′ 25"  E
23. Panitula Vela 147,762 m² 36 m 43 ° 45 ′ 30 "  N , 15 ° 20 ′ 40"  E
24. Garmenjak Veli 131,858 m² 56 m 43 ° 42 ′ 15 ″  N , 15 ° 27 ′ 40 ″  E
25th Koritnjak 116,600 m² 49 m 43 ° 46 ′ 55 "  N , 15 ° 20 ′ 15"  E
26th Klobučar 110,003 m² 82 m 43 ° 44 ′ 22 "  N , 15 ° 22 ′ 58"  E
27. Lucmarinjak 100,503 m² 45 m 43 ° 41 ′ 0 ″  N , 15 ° 29 ′ 5 ″  E
28. Mrtovnjak 97,928 m² 41 m 43 ° 42 ′ 26 ″  N , 15 ° 32 ′ 8 ″  E
29 Obrucan Veli 96,552 m² 66 m 43 ° 50 ′ 2 "  N , 15 ° 13 ′ 38"  E
30th Bisaga 92,237 m² 22 m 43 ° 48 ′ 33 "  N , 15 ° 16 ′ 57"  E
31. Prišnjak Veli 91,812 m² 35 m 43 ° 44 ′ 14 "  N , 15 ° 24 ′ 7"  E
32. Vodenjak 80,964 m² 44 m 43 ° 43 '43 "  N , 15 ° 23' 54"  E
33. Smokvenjak 79,108 m² 41 m 43 ° 50 ′ 57 ″  N , 15 ° 14 ′ 19 ″  E
34. Skrižanj Vela 71,701 m² 20 m 43 ° 41 ′ 56 ″  N , 15 ° 31 ′ 27 ″  E
35. Maslinjak 65,363 m² 39 m 43 ° 47 ′ 57 "  N , 15 ° 17 ′ 43"  E
36. Jančar 59,309 m² 20 m 43 ° 43 ′ 10 "  N , 15 ° 25 ′ 50"  E
37. Sušica 58,431 m² 21 m 43 ° 49 ′ 42 "  N , 15 ° 15 ′ 6"  E
38. Grego (Garmenjak Mali) 50,204 m² 20 m 43 ° 42 ′ 25 ″  N , 15 ° 27 ′ 50 ″  E
39. Balun 49,553 m² 29 m 43 ° 48 ′ 22 "  N , 15 ° 15 ′ 16"  E
40. Mrtovac 48,875 m² 36 m 43 ° 49 ′ 32 "  N , 15 ° 13 ′ 48"  E
41. Prdusa Vela 48,779 m² 24 m 43 ° 42 ′ 50 ″  N , 15 ° 27 ′ 10 ″  E
42. Samograd 44,894 m² 33 m 43 ° 41 ′ 16 ″  N , 15 ° 33 ′ 27 ″  E
43. Ravna Sika 40,210 m² 30 m 43 ° 44 ′ 45 "  N , 15 ° 25 ′ 32"  E
44. Plešćina 39,846 m² 43 ° 48 ′ 28 "  N , 15 ° 16 ′ 13"  E
45. Panitula Mala 30,699 m² 43 ° 45 ′ 15 ″  N , 15 ° 21 ′ 15 ″  E
46. Strižnjak 26,778 m² 43 ° 49 ′ 8 "  N , 15 ° 16 ′ 52"  E
47. Prdusa Mala 25,333 m² 25 m 43 ° 42 ′ 30 ″  N , 15 ° 27 ′ 10 ″  E
48. Purara 24,423 m² 43 ° 41 ′ 45 ″  N , 15 ° 26 ′ 15 ″  E
49. Tovarnjak 23,841 m² 12 m 43 ° 50 ′ 18 "  N , 15 ° 14 ′ 26"  E
50. Silo Malo 20,691 m² 43 ° 50 ′ 44 "  N , 15 ° 14 ′ 11"  E
51. Dragunarica Vela 17,344 m² 43 ° 51 ′ 39 ″  N , 15 ° 13 ′ 18 ″  E
52. Svršata Mala 15,159 m² 43 ° 51 ′ 30 ″  N , 15 ° 17 ′ 13 ″  E
53. Veseljuh 14,888 m² 43 ° 45 ′ 50 ″  N , 15 ° 21 ′ 55 ″  E
54. Phew 13,625 m² 43 ° 40 ′ 34 "  N , 15 ° 29 ′ 45"  E
55. Vrtlič 13,625 m² 43 ° 41 ′ 34 "  N , 15 ° 32 ′ 47"  E
56. Krpeljina 13,449 m² 43 ° 45 ′ 16 ″  N , 15 ° 24 ′ 22 ″  E
57. Skrižanj Mali 12,694 m² 43 ° 42 ′ 4 ″  N , 15 ° 31 ′ 12 ″  E
58. Babina Guzica 11,176 m² 43 ° 42 ′ 35 "  N , 15 ° 29 ′ 54"  E
59. Rašipić 10,872 m² 43 ° 47 ′ 0 ″  N , 15 ° 18 ′ 0 ″  E
60. Golić 10,275 m² 43 ° 48 ′ 47 "  N , 15 ° 16 ′ 33"  E
61. Arapovac 9,918 m² 43 ° 47 ′ 42 "  N , 15 ° 17 ′ 59"  E
62. Kameni Phew 9,290 m² 43 ° 40 ′ 35 ″  N , 15 ° 31 ′ 9 ″  E
63. Smokvica Mala 9,285 m² 43 ° 43 ′ 25 ″  N , 15 ° 29 ′ 16 ″  E
64. Žakanac 7,343 m² 43 ° 43 ′ 15 "  N , 15 ° 25 ′ 40"  E
65. Phew Gornji 7,343 m² 43 ° 40 ′ 27 "  N , 15 ° 29 ′ 58"  E
66. Vodeni Phew 6,766 m² 43 ° 40 ′ 39 "  N , 15 ° 30 ′ 40"  E
67. Anger 6,635 m² 43 ° 51 ′ 10 ″  N , 15 ° 14 ′ 16 ″  E
68. Prišnjak Mali 6,464 m² 43 ° 44 ′ 10 "  N , 15 ° 24 ′ 22"  E
69. Bisaga 6,084 m² 43 ° 44 ′ 43 "  N , 15 ° 25 ′ 18"  E
70. Babuljaši Veli 5,710 m² 43 ° 47 ′ 56 "  N , 15 ° 17 ′ 4"  E
71. Blitvica 5,329 m² 43 ° 46 ′ 19 ″  N , 15 ° 21 ′ 20 ″  E
72. Obručan Mali 4,618 m² 43 ° 50 ′ 8 ″  N , 15 ° 13 ′ 14 ″  E
73. Babuljaši Mali 3,585 m² 43 ° 48 ′ 2 "  N , 15 ° 17 ′ 18"  E
74. Bisagica 2,594 m² 43 ° 48 ′ 11 "  N , 15 ° 17 ′ 26"  E
75. Mr. Kaselica 2,469 m² 43 ° 44 '12 "  N , 15 ° 23' 42"  E
76. Desetinjak 2,324 m² 43 ° 42 ′ 22 "  N , 15 ° 27 ′ 44"  E
77. Mr. Klint 2,288 m² 43 ° 41 ′ 35 "  N , 15 ° 26 ′ 40"  E
78. Hridi Škanji (Škanj V.) 2,015 m² 43 ° 45 ′ 18 "  N , 15 ° 20 ′ 59"  E
79. Desetinjak D. 1,260 m² 43 ° 42 ′ 32 "  N , 15 ° 27 ′ 33"  E
80. Desetinjak G. 1,210 m² 43 ° 42 ′ 37 "  N , 15 ° 27 ′ 45"  E
81. Mr. Volić 950 m² 43 ° 42 ′ 0 ″  N , 15 ° 25 ′ 50 ″  E
82. Hridi Kamičić 844 m² 43 ° 47'35 "  N , 15 ° 16'56"  E
83. Hridi Škanji (Škanj M.) 683 m² 43 ° 45 ′ 19 ″  N , 15 ° 21 ′ 4 ″  E
84. Mr. Prišnjak 77 m² 43 ° 50 ′ 10 "  N , 15 ° 14 ′ 11"  E
85. Hridi Kamičić 72 m² 43 ° 47 ′ 30 "  N , 15 ° 16 ′ 57"  E
86. Dragunara Mala 50 m² 43 ° 51 ′ 42 ″  N , 15 ° 13 ′ 6 ″  E
87. Mr. Kamičić 41 m² 43 ° 46 ′ 6 ″  N , 15 ° 21 ′ 5 ″  E
88 Hrid Grislac 26 m² 43 ° 46 ′ 29 ″  N , 15 ° 21 ′ 17 ″  E
89. Mr. Kalafatin 4 m² 43 ° 46 ′ 38 "  N , 15 ° 21 ′ 37"  E


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