Góra Gipsowa Nature Reserve

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Góra Gipsowa Nature Reserve

The nature reserve Góra Gipsowa ( Polish Rezerwat przyrody Góra Gipsowa ) is a nature reserve on the southern slope of the Góra Gipsowa ( German Kalkberg , 285.5  m npm ), about 2.5 km south of the town of Kietrz (Katscher) on the plateau of the Płaskowyż Głubczycki (Leobschützer Plateau) in the Opole Voivodeship in southern Poland .

history

Early botanical studies

This area has long been known as a rare Central European site of Pontic flora . This flora element is understood to be a dry grassland biocenosis, which otherwise only occurs in southeast European steppe areas and where it reaches its north-western limit of distribution.

The peculiarity of the plant community on the Kalkberg was recognized very early on. Herrnhut brothers , who set up a seminary in Gnadenfeld (Pawłowiczki) in Upper Silesia at the beginning of the 19th century and also carried out botanical studies, discovered this area as early as 1823 and researched its special flora.

"Kalkberg bei Katscher" nature reserve in the German Empire

Many later botanists referred to this location in their work. A systematic continuation of the research was carried out at the beginning of the 20th century by the local weaving teacher, local researcher and natural scientist Richard Keilholz in Katscher (Kietrz) . In the 1920s, Keilholz suggested the establishment of a nature reserve on the Kalkberg. As a first protective measure, he demanded that botanists who visited the natural monument should no longer remove any test plants. In June 1932, the city of Katscher took over the nature reserve "Höhe 285.5 (Pontischer Hügel)" .

In 1935, the Opole Nature Conservation Authority established the "Kalkberg bei Katscher" nature reserve on an area of ​​3365 m 2 as one of the first recognized nature reserves in the German Empire.

"Góra Gipsowa" nature reserve in the Republic of Poland

After the Second World War , Polish botanists took over the research in the area. On December 24, 1957, the Góra Gipsowa Nature Reserve was established by decree of the Ministry of Forestry and Timber Industry of the Republic of Poland on an area of ​​10,200 m 2 with the aim of protecting the natural steppe plant community. It was created on the southern slope of the Kalkberg, where gypsum was mined underground from 1812 to 1972 , the traces of mining can still be seen on the edge of the nature reserve.

A project of the operational regional program of the Opole Voivodeship running from 2007 to 2013 with the support of the European regional development program aims to preserve the original plant community.

Plant population

A steppe plant community can be found in the reserve, e.g. B. Bologna bellflower ( Campanula bononiensis L. ), Valais sheep fescue ( Festuca valesiaca ), Inula hirta ( Inula hirta ), Gray Green quackgrass ( Elymus hispidus ) helictotrichon pratense ( Helictotrichon pratense ), Narrow-umbels-Milchstern , Hungarian thistle ( Cirsium pannonicum ) , Mid thesium ( Thesium linophyllon ), Violette mullein ( Verbascum phoeniceum ) Straußblütige Wucherblume ( Tanacetum corymbosum ) Rispige grass lily ( Anthericum ramosum ), elderberry orchid ( Dactylorhiza sambucina ) Fine leaved yarrow ( Achillea setacea ), Prunella grandiflora ( Prunella grandiflora ) , Sickle-leaved rabbit's ear ( Bupleurum falcatum ), white cinquefoil ( Potentilla alba ).

Web links

Commons : Góra Gipsowa nature reserve  - collection of images, videos and audio files

References

  1. ↑ Góra Gipsowa Nature Reserve in the Polish Central Register of Nature Conservation.Retrieved on March 4, 2012
  2. ↑ Carl Schubert. The flora of Gnadenfeld . Gnadenfeld - commemorative sheets for the 160th anniversary of the establishment of the town, in: Der Oberschlesier, vol. 14, issue 6, June 1932, p. 354.
  3. ^ FW Kölbing. About some peculiarities of the Upper Silesian flora . Allgemeine Botanische Zeitung, No. 13 of April 7, 1837, Regensburg, pp. 193-204 full text on Google Books .
  4. ↑ Keilholz, Richard . In: East German Biography (Kulturportal West-Ost)
  5. ^ Conference in Katscher on 18./19. June 1932. In: Annual reports of the Geological Association of Upper Silesia. , 1932, pp. 32-34, accessed September 14, 2014
  6. ↑ Frans Verdoorn. Chronica botanica , Vol. 2, p. 144, Ronald Press Co., Leiden, Holland, 1936.
  7. ↑ Gazeta wyborcza , Opole regional section of September 19, 2002: Na Gipsowej Górze . External link ( Memento of the original from February 6, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / opole.wyborcza.pl
  8. ↑ Monitor Polski No. 6, Position 31, 1958
  9. ↑ Restoration of the xerothermal steppe heath of the Góra Gipsowa protected area. Project within the operational regional program of the Opole Voivodeship (2007-2013). (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; Retrieved March 5, 2012 (Polish).  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / drop.org.pl

literature

  • Richard Keilholz: The Pontic plant community of the gypsum mountains near Katscher . Der Oberschlesier, 9th year, issue 6, June 1927, pp. 326–336.
  • A. Pokorny: From the gypsum pits and the Kalkberg, between Katscher and Dirschel . Leobschützer Heimatblatt, No. 5, 1968, p. 22.
  • M. Syniawa: Richard Keilholz . Przyroda Górnego Śląska, No. 57, 2009, pp. 13-15.

Coordinates: 50 ° 3 ′ 23 ″  N , 17 ° 59 ′ 35 ″  E