Naulitzer Schanze
| Naulitzer Schanze | ||
|---|---|---|
| Creation time : | after 1100 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | Ramparts and moats partially preserved | |
| Standing position : | Refuge castle (?) Then used by the local nobility | |
| Place: | Naulitz | |
| Geographical location | 50 ° 52 '0.1 " N , 12 ° 8' 39.5" E | |
| Height: | 280 m above sea level NN | |
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The Naulitzer Schanze is a castle complex on the southern edge of the Gera district of Naulitz , about three kilometers west of the city of Ronneburg . According to findings on site, the castle must have been built in the 10th to 11th centuries. After the area came under German sovereignty, the facility continued to be used. An early German hilltop castle now existed here . The complex has been a designated ground monument since the 1920s .
history
The local researcher Robert Eisel dealt with the history of this castle in the late 19th century and described the parts of the entire complex that were even more recognizable during his lifetime. On the basis of this description, which was only handwritten in 1880, the site was examined again in 1929 and the facility was reassessed by the local researcher Bruno Brause from Gera .
Little is known about the history of the castle. The found material dates the complex to the early German period. The oldest known mention of Naulitz dates back to March 5, 1291. It mentions a knight Henrico de Nuweliz and his new wife Hedwig von Mosen . This family, identified as the local nobility, can be traced back to 1354, the associated manor in the village was abolished before the Reformation. From the local tradition, in addition to an urn cemetery, there is also a small chapel , mentioned only in 1529 , which was located within the core castle and was probably built by the village population as a successor to the castle complex that was destroyed in the 14th century. The two bells of this chapel could still be seen around 1880 in the town's bell house.
The castle appears as the scene of several ghost legends in oral tradition. Brause interprets the name "Schanze", which has been handed down from ancient times, in connection with the Swedish occupation in the Thirty Years' War . Brause complains that a "German oak" was planted in the castle grounds before the Second World War and that the space around this tree was planed, while important archaeological traces of the castle's history were thoughtlessly destroyed.
description
The Naulitzer Schanze is located on the Glockenberg , about 40 meters above the valley floor known as Naulitzer Grund , it consists of three parts:
- The core castle occupies the southern edge of the castle complex. The southern part of the Glockenberg, bordered by an elliptical trench, has an area of 90 × 60 m, the center rises 10 m above the ground level of the trench ring, which with the leveled summit area of 30 m long and barely 8 m wide probably only space for a defensive tower and a few buildings. Access to this facility was from the south via a steep path. The excavation of the trenches, some of which were still in good condition, in 1929, was piled up as an earth wall on the valley side in order to perfect the facility, which was already naturally protected by steep slopes.
- The area adjacent to the north was called the outer bailey, it is also protected by a wall-ditch fortification. The roughly rectangular inner surface was interpreted as an area for the accommodation of cattle and supplies as well as the villagers. Brause could no longer find the cistern mentioned by Eisel in this section . Due to the ongoing erosion of the terrain, Brause was only able to mark the course of the ditches and ramparts at various points in this bailey with escape poles. Another access to this facility was from the north, a connection path to the south bordering core castle is to be assumed.
- The "source protection" is located below the castle on the western slope. The measurement of the castle complex resulted in the discovery of the third component of the entire complex, which Brause described as source protection. According to this, at the upper end of a naturally created channel that extends to the edge of the village today, there was a source that had long since dried up and was surrounded by a horseshoe-shaped moat.
The two explorers of the castle had search cuts made at various points in the castle grounds and in the process recovered datable ceramic fragments and small finds. Effervescent finds from the barely 10 cm thick cultural layer in the area of the outer bailey consisted of iron parts - nails and a slipper shoe, acorn had also recovered Slavic ceramic shards. The majority of Eisel's excavation finds ended up in the holdings of the Reichenfels-Hohenleuben Local History Museum , Brause handed over finds and documents to the Gera City Museum .
literature
- Bruno Brause: The Naulitzer Schanze . In: Thuringia. A monthly for old and new culture . 6th year, no. 5 , 1941, pp. 83-91 .
- Michael Köhler: Thuringian castles and fortified prehistoric and early historical living spaces . Jenzig-Verlag Köhler, Jena 2001, ISBN 3-910141-43-9 , Schanze (Naulitz), p. 219 .
Individual evidence
- ^ District court districts Ronneburg and Schmölln . In: Paul Lehfeld (Hrsg.): Architectural and art monuments of Thuringia. Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg . Book XXII. Gustav Fischer, Jena 1895, Naulitz, p. 36 .