Vermilion pustule
| Vermilion pustule | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
_Fr_601306_2016-02-20.jpg)
Vermilion pustule ( Nectria cinnabarina ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Nectria cinnabarina | ||||||||||||
| ( Death ) Ms. |
The vermilion pustel mushroom or red pustel mushroom ( Nectria cinnabarina ) is a hose fungus from the order of the crust ball mushrooms (Hypocreales).
features
Macroscopic features
The vermilion pustule is a small but easily recognizable fungus. Its fruit bodies are reminiscent of small raspberries. They consist of several standing together, about 0.2-0.3 mm wide perithecia - the entire fruiting body measures about 2 mm. The color varies from vermilion (name!) To dark red. Often the species also forms a secondary crop that can be recognized as pink to orange-red, misshapen pustules, so-called sporodochia . Both forms can occur at the same time.
Microscopic features
The cylindrical-lobed tubes measure 65-80 × 8-10 micrometers. Colorless, smooth and simply septate spores develop in it . They are slightly constricted and resemble a sole in shape. The dimensions are between 15 and 25 micrometers in length and between 5 and 9 micrometers in width. The conidia of the minor fruit form have a narrow elliptical to cylindrical shape, are straight or slightly curved and unseptate. They will be 5.2–7 × 1.9–2.7 micrometers in size.
Ecology, phenology and distribution
The vermilion pustule usually grows on dead, still barked branches. It has a wide range of hosts and mainly colonizes maples , hornbeams and linden trees , but also on beeches , rock pears , currants , robinia and horse chestnuts . The species is considered primarily saprobic , but it can sometimes cause cancerous growths on living trees and shrubs. Since fungicides have hardly any effect, wound closures are recommended after cuts.
It can be found all year round, the main fruit form especially in spring.
The species is widespread and occurs in Europe and North America.
Systematics
The vermilion pustule was first described by Tode in 1791 as Sphaeria cinnabarina . Fries placed it in 1849 as a type species in the new genus Nectria . The secondary fruit form was described by Tode as a separate species under the name Tubercularia vulgaris . Only Fries realized that both are one and the same species. Over 20 different varieties and forms have been described in addition to several synonyms, including Nectria ribis on currant. The latest molecular biological studies have suggested that the species be divided into four species: According to the new classification, Nectria cinnabarina includes specimens with long-stalked spordochia. Nectria asiatica grows in Asia and the Sporodochien are only short stalked. Nectria dematiosa only has a sessile sporodochium or does not develop any secondary fruit form. Finally, Nectria nigrescens has up to triple septate ascospores.
swell
literature
- Ewald Gerhardt: Mushrooms. BLV Verlag, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-8354-0053-3 , p. 533.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Yuuri Hirooka, Amy Y. Rossman, Priscila Chaverri: A morphological and phylogenetic revision of the Nectria cinnabarina species complex . In: Studies in Mycology. 68, 2011, pp. 35-56. doi: 10.3114 / sim.2011.68.02
- ↑ a b Thomas Lohrer: Plant protection: Red pustule disease. (PDF; 330 kB). In: Dega-Galabau. 4/2005. Gardening and landscaping magazine. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, pp. 26-27. ISSN 1867-2736
- ↑ Amy Y. Rossman, Gary Joseph Samuels, Clark Thomas Rogerson, Rosalind Lowen: Genera of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes) . In: Studies in Mycology. 42, 1999, pp. 1-248.
