New man

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The catchphrase New Man describes different concepts of masculinity that have developed as a replacement from traditional notions of masculinity in various historical epochs.

history

The historian Wolfgang Schmale named in particular the European Renaissance , the French Revolution and the 1968 movement , in which a new image of men was proclaimed and a “New Adam”, a “Regenerated Man” ( Homme régénéré ) or a “New Man” were proclaimed . According to the Böhlau Verlag , these designations marked “the beginning of extensive new constructions of masculinity”.

Paula Dien put a new masculinity in connection with the body image of the Nazi ideology under the catchphrase “New Man” . The male soldier type arranged as a symbol of the renewal of the people and served to ward off social fears such as biological degeneration and a masculinity crisis in the 19th century, which, according to George L. Mosse, initially went hand in hand with a hardening of male stereotypes .

present

The current form of the “new man” in the men's movement was closely related to the change in gender roles caused by the women's movement . This “new man” has often devoted himself to an emancipatory male image. This also includes the critical questioning of the current image of men and the position of men in society. According to Peter Döge , “new men” are “more cooperative in the relationship, participate significantly more in housework and family work, are new fathers, support their female partners in their work and clearly reject violence as a means of conflict resolution in the partnership.” Ina Deter's idea of ​​the “new man” attracted widespread attention , who sang: The country needs new men .

Döge went on to say that studies indicate a change in attitudes among men. According to the male study by Paul M. Zulehner and Rainer Volz presented in 1998, "around a fifth of German men" are so-called new men "". Around a fifth of men still behave "traditionally" and see the appropriate "place for women in the home and at the stove - an opinion that, however, also represents around a sixth of the women surveyed". In between there are "the pragmatic and insecure men whose future role models seem to be rather unclear."

A sinus study , commissioned by the Federal Ministry for Family, Seniors, Women and Youth in 2008, defined the “modern 'new' man” as a demonstrative or practical alternative to the “traditional man”, whose model is the “new man”, and valued their share as the largest group that was located among post materialists and increasingly in the political center . According to this, their share of 32% was ahead of the “postmodern flexible man” (31%) and the “strong main breadwinner of the family” (23%). However, it was also emphasized that the answers given by the respondents are often subjective and based on an ideal - they cannot always be reconciled with actual practice.

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Mechthild Fend and Marianne Koos: Masculinity in view. Visual stagings in early modern art , Böhlau 2004, p. 276, online on Google books
  2. ↑ Paula Dien: Power - Myth - Utopia: The body images of the SS men , Oldenbourg Akademieverlag 2005, p. 67, online on Google books
  3. ^ A b Peter Döge : Gender democracy as a critique of masculinity: Men's research, men's politics and the "new man" , In: From politics and contemporary history (B 31-32 / 2000), published by the Federal Agency for Civic Education on May 26, 2002
  4. ^ Ina Deter - The country needs new men in 1982 on YouTube
  5. ^ Paul M. Zulehner / Rainer Volz, Men on the move. How Germany's men see themselves and how women see them. A research report, ed. of the men's work of the Evangelical Church in Germany and the Community of Catholic Men in Germany, Ostfildern 1998.
  6. ↑ Carsten Wippermann, Marc Calmbach and Katja Wippermann: Men: roll forward, roll backward. Identities and behavior of traditional, modern and postmodern men , Verlag Barbara Budrich 2009, pp. 85 ff. Online on Google Books