New Market (Berlin)
| Neuer Markt former market and town square |
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|---|---|
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 New market, around 1785 |
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| Basic data | |
| place | Berlin |
| District | center |
| Created | Late 13th century |
| Newly designed | 19th century (jewelry place) 20th century (canceled as place) |
| Confluent streets |
Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse, Spandauer Strasse, Panoramastrasse |
| use | |
| User groups | Pedestrians , cyclists |
The new market was after the Molkenmarkt the second oldest inner-city Berlin marketplace in the past densely populated Marienviertel in Old Berlin in what is now the district center . It was between the Marienkirche and Spandauer Strasse .
history
Development since the 13th century
The new market was mentioned in a document in 1292, when the Marienkirche was first mentioned as the “Church on the New Market”. Before this time, around 1250, the twin cities of Berlin, founded from Berlin and Cölln , expanded to the northwest, probably the first city expansion. Until then, the center of old Berlin was the Alte Markt, which later became known as the Molkenmarkt . However, this was no longer sufficient in its area and a second market square, the New Market, was created. The end of these two trading centers came in 1886 when the Central Market Hall opened on Alexanderplatz . The Neuer Markt existed as a square until the city center was completely redesigned in the 1960s.
The high court was located on the Neuer Markt until around 1720. In 1324 the Bernau provost Nikolaus was lynched by angry Berliners. They revolted against the Pope for his sovereignty and were for this by Pope John XXII. with the excommunication punished, which was only lifted in 1347. The white atonement cross next to the portal of the Marienkirche testifies to this. On April 27, 1458, the tailor Matthäus Hagen was executed at the stake for heresy. In addition, numerous executions of Jews are guaranteed.
Redesign from 1885
With the construction of the Central Market Hall on Alexanderplatz in 1886, the Neuer Markt was transformed from an odor-intensive marketplace into a representative capital city jewelery square. For this urban design upgrade, the northern row of houses in the Neuer Markt, which had blocked the view of St. Mary's Church from the south, had to be demolished. Around 1900 the Marienkirche stood open to the square with the newly erected Luther monument in front of it. Green areas also gave the newly designed square a high recreational value in the middle of the dense inner city.
Wilhelmine Berlin, competing with Paris, London and Rome, staged splendor, monumentality and modernity in terms of urban planning and design. The modern was particularly evident in large-scale infrastructural measures, such as the new construction of Kaiser-Wilhelm-Strasse (since 1950: Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse), which in 1887 and 1888 was a representative continuation of Unter den Linden to the Old Berlin district until Münzstraße was created. In the course of this construction work, the western row of houses at the Marienkirche was also torn down in order to also put the sacred building in a monumental scene from this side. This resulted in a completely new shape of the square that replaced the previous elongated, rectangular shape.
After the death of the sculptor Paul Otto in 1893, the sculptor Robert Toberentz (1849–1895) was given the task of completing the Luther memorial with the three and a half meter high statue of the reformer on the Neuer Markt. After all the accompanying figures of the memorial complex had been melted down before the end of the war and the square was destroyed in World War II , the Luther figure was placed in the Stephanus Foundation in Berlin-Weißensee . The accompanying figures on the base, Melanchthon , Bugenhagen , Spalatin , Cruciger , Reuchlin , Jonas , von Sickingen and von Hutten , are no longer present. The return of the monument to the north side of the Marienkirche near its original location took place in October 1989, shortly before the fall of the Berlin Wall .
Situation since 1970
At the end of the 1960s, the Neuer Markt was incorporated into the spacious area between Karl-Liebknecht-Strasse, Spandauer Strasse and Rathausstrasse, which was redesigned as a green open space and is no longer visible as an independent square in today's city plan. The area was raised by about 1 1 ⁄ 2 meters by means of embankments , whereby the difference in height in the area of the Marienkirche, which can now be reached via steps leading down and which has since been “lowered”, is recognizable. The remains of the buildings demolished for urban redevelopment, which were filled in and leveled up to the ground floor, lie under today's pavement. With the urban redesign and the expropriation of private land and property , numerous war-damaged buildings that were in function until the end of the 1960s were demolished and the cityscape completely changed.
Planning by the Senate and the Mitte district of Berlin
The area of the former Neuer Markt is to be redesigned by 2017 according to the will of the Senate. The Luther memorial , which so far has stood north of the Marienkirche in the small green area, is to return to its traditional place on the Neuer Markt for the 500th anniversary of the Reformation . The historic development around the market is to be traced with ribbons made of Corten steel according to the plans of the Levin-Monsigny office.
While supporters of urban modernism fear that the plans will impair the design of the "large open space" between the Berlin TV tower and the Spree from the GDR era, others advocate an urban approach to the historical model of the place.
On the west side of the Neuer Markt towards Spandauer Straße, a memorial for the philosopher is to be built on the former property at Spandauer Straße 68, the location of the former house of the Moses Mendelssohn family , based on the plans of the Israeli artist Micha Ullman .
literature
- Heinrich Alberts: The Chronicle of Berlin . Chronicle, 1986, ISBN 3-88379-082-6 .
Web links
- New market . In: Street name lexicon of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein
- Luther monument on the New Market Architecture Museum of the TU Berlin
- Friends of the Berlin Historical Center V. to regain the old town center
Individual evidence
Coordinates: 52 ° 31 '12 " N , 13 ° 24' 20.3" E