Neufichteanism

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Neufichteanism describes the reception and further development of Fichte's philosophy within the general reception of idealism around 1900. Neufichteanism breaks through the self-limitation of philosophy to questions of scientific theory , as it was characteristic of Neo-Kantianism , and tries, with the help of German idealism, the newly emerging philosophical, religious and to answer ideological questions.

The starting point for Neo-Fichteanism was the teaching of the Neo-Kantian Heinrich Rickert that truth and reality are “ values ”, that “ ought ” therefore have a logical priority over “ being ”. “Reality” is therefore constituted only in a practical act of the subject for the subject. This basic idea, which was supposed to overcome the widely felt dualism of pure reason and practical reason in Kant , remained the guiding principle for many Neufichteans. Since they were also interested in a reinterpretation, even "completion" of Kant from the perspective of the late Fichte (cf. Wissenschaftslehre von 1810 et al.), Some Neufichteans are at the same time attributed to Neo-Kantianism .

The reception of Fichte's idea of ​​the state and freedom was mainly driven by socially conservative forces such as Robert von Mohl , Friedrich Julius Stahl or Lorenz von Stein . Rudolf Eucken was an important representative of a national political Neufichteanism (so-called "World War Philosophy") .

Through the Fichte Society of 1914 and the closely related magazine Deutsches Volkstum published by Wilhelm Stapel , the political concerns of the Neufichteans received attention far beyond university circles. As a representative of the völkisch-national Neufichtenians who criticized the Weimar Republic , Fichte certified that he had designed a kind of democracy "that differs in its innermost convictions from what has been introduced as democracy in our country today". On this basis, Fichte's view of freedom could be instrumentalized during National Socialism in order to bring the ethnic aspect to the fore.

Well-known Neufichteans

literature

  • Kurt Flasch : The spiritual mobilization. The German intellectuals and the First World War. An attempt , Berlin 2000.
  • Friedrich Wilhelm Graf : The positivity of the spiritual. Rudolf Eucken's program of neoidealistic universal integration , in: Gangolf Hübinger et al. (Ed.), Culture and Cultural Studies around 1900 , Volume 2: Idealism and Positivism , Stuttgart 1997, pp. 53–85.
  • Peter Hoeres: War of the Philosophers. German and British Philosophy in the First World War , Paderborn 2004.
  • Hermann Lübbe:  Neufichteanism . In: Religion Past and Present (RGG). 3. Edition. Volume 4, Mohr-Siebeck, Tübingen 1960, Sp. 1410-1411.
  • Hermann Lübbe: Political Philosophy in Germany. Studies on their history , Munich 1974, pp. 194–205.

Web links