Nine heroines

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Fresco with four of the nine heroines in the Castello della Manta in Mantua, around 1420

The iconographic type of nine heroines ( neuf preuses ) emerged in the Middle Ages as a parallel to the type of male nine heroes . While the men's group was often used for princely representational purposes in the Renaissance , the nine heroines are mainly found in iconography .

Which women are counted among the heroines differs from artist to artist. At Hans Burgkmair you can find, for example:

In contrast, Thomas von Saluces mentions the following nine heroines in his allegorical novel Le chevalier errant (1403–1404):

And Sébastien Mamerot mentions in his Histoire des neuf preux et des neuf preuses (1460–1461):

literature

  • Ingrid Sedlacek: The Neuf Preuses: Heroines of the Late Middle Ages . Jonas, Marburg 1997, ISBN 3-89445215-3 (= studies on art and cultural history , volume 14; also dissertation Uni Marburg , 1995).
  • Georg Scheibelreiter : Courtly understanding of history. Neuf Preux and Neuf Preuses as symbols of the aristocratic worldview . In: Communications from the Institute for Austrian Historical Research . MIÖG, Volume 114, 2006, pp. 251-288, Böhlau, Vienna 2006, ISBN 978-3-205-77943-8 , ISSN  0073-8484 .
  • Bettina Baumgärtel : The heroine of virtue as a symbol of church and state power. About the Strong Women Gallery in equipment programs and book illustrations. In this. and Silvia Neysters (ed.): The Gallery of Strong Women. La Galerie des Femmes Fortes. The heroine in 17th century French and Italian art. Exhibition catalog, Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf in the Ehrenhof (September 10 - November 19, 1995) and Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt (December 14, 1995 - February 26, 1996). Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 1995, pp. 140–223;
    • in bookstores: Bettina Baumgärtel, Silvia Neysters, Renate Baader and others: The gallery of strong women: regents, amazons, salon ladies = La galerie des femmes fortes . Klinkhardt and Biermann, Munich and Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-7814-0385-8 .
  • Sébastien Mamerot: Le traictié des neuf preues . Critical edition by Anne Salamon. Librairie Droz, Geneva 2016, ISBN 978-2-600-01870-8 .
  • Horst Schroeder: The Topos of Nine Worthies in Literature and Fine Art . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1971, ISBN 3-525-23112-1 (also dissertation University of Regensburg, 1969).

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