New Croton Dam
| New Croton Dam New Croton Reservoir / New Croton Dam |
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| Coordinates | 41 ° 13 '35 " N , 73 ° 51' 19" W | ||||||||
| Data on the structure | |||||||||
| Lock type: | Gravity dam | ||||||||
| Construction time: | 1892-1906 | ||||||||
| Height above foundation level : | 90.5 m | ||||||||
| Crown length: | 667 m | ||||||||
| Crown width: | 6.3 m | ||||||||
| Base width: | 81 m | ||||||||
| Operator: | New York City | ||||||||
| Data on the reservoir | |||||||||
| Altitude (at congestion destination ) | 59 m | ||||||||
| Water surface | 51.8 km² | ||||||||
| Reservoir length | 14 km | ||||||||
| Storage space | 71.9 million m³ | ||||||||
| Catchment area | 150 km² | ||||||||
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The New Croton Dam (English: New Croton Dam ) is part of the water supply system of the city of New York and stands on the Croton River , a tributary of the Hudson River , at Croton-on-Hudson , about 35 km north of the city of New York.
The masonry dam was built between 1892 and 1906.
Building
It was designed by Alphonse Fteley (1837–1903) and is 90.5 m high, 667 m long and 81 m wide at the base. The foundation level is 40 m below the river bed and the structure consists of 650,000 m³ of masonry. The flood relief is 300 m long and its total width together with the dam is 667 m. At the time of completion, the dam was the highest on earth. The reservoir holds 71.9 million m³ of water. That is only a small fraction of the total capacity of the New York water storage system of 2.2 billion cubic meters. Some of the water comes from overflows from other Croton Watershed reservoirs . From the dam, the water flows over the New Croton Aqueduct to Brooklyn and Staten Island .
The dam has an unusual flood relief , partly artificial and partly natural, which forms a waterfall on the north side of the structure. At the foot of the wall is the Croton Gorge Park.
Building history
Originally there was a smaller dam, the Old Croton Dam with Croton Lake . It was built from 1837 to 1842 and was 15 m high. It was repaired several times until 1881. From this, New York was supplied with 341,000 m³ of water per day via an aqueduct. To meet the growing demand for water, the New York Aqueduct Commission commissioned the construction of a new water supply system in 1885.
The planned dam with its reservoir should cover an area of 51.8 km². In addition to many buildings, there were six cemeteries and more than 400 farms on the site. As a result, there were many protests and court judgments until damages and construction contracts were reached. Bricklayers and workers who were also involved in the old dam were used for the work. Site manager John B. Goldsborough also recruited bricklayers from southern Italy.
In 1892 construction began 6.4 km below the old blocking point, which was later flooded by the new reservoir. From the new New Croton reservoir, 760,000 to 1.14 million m³ of water per day could now be channeled through a new aqueduct , the Croton Aqueduct , into the Jerome Park Reservoir in the northern Bronx .
During the construction period the river was diverted. A diversion channel 300 m long and 60 m wide was built north of the river for this purpose. A silent film from 1900 depicts the often difficult conditions.
The bridge over the flood relief was replaced in 1975 and again in 2005. In 2005 it was closed to vehicle traffic because of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 . Since then, the dam has only been open to pedestrians and rescue vehicles.
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- ↑ a b c The Croton Dam . Village of Croton-on-Hudson Historical Society
- ↑ The Opening of the New Croton Reservoir ( Memento of the original from June 13, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Yorktown Historical Society
- ↑ Christopher R. Tompkins: The Croton Dams and Aqueduct. Arcadia Publishing, Charleston SC 2000, ISBN 0-7385-0455-6 , p. 2.
- ↑ Donald C. Jackson: Great American Bridges and Dams. A national trust guide. John Wiley and Sons, New York NY et al. 1988, ISBN 0-471-14385-5 , p. 128.
- ↑ New Croton ( Memento of the original from April 10, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . New York City Department of Environmental Protection
- ^ NYC Water Supply Watersheds: History . New York City Department of Environmental Protection
- ↑ History and Geology of the NYC Aqueduct System ( Memento of the original from September 30, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Merguerian, Charles. (Notes for October 4, 2000, lecture at the Long Island Geologists Dinner Meeting)
- ↑ The Croton Dam Strike
See also
- List of the largest dams on earth
- List of the largest reservoirs on earth
- List of the largest hydroelectric plants in the world
- List of dams in the United States
Web links
- New Croton Dam. In: Structurae
- Scientific American, 9/24/1904: Completing the Great Masonry Dam of the New Croton Reservoir (Photos)
- New Croton Reservoir in the Geographic Names Information System of the United States Geological Survey
- New Croton Dam in the Geographic Names Information System of the United States Geological Survey