Nihewan

Nihewan ( Chinese 泥河灣 / 泥河湾 , Pinyin Níhéwān , W.-G. Ni-ho-wan / Nihowan ) is a small village in the Chinese province of Hebei . It is located on the Sanggan He River in the east of Yangyuan County (阳原县) of the prefecture-level city of Zhangjiakou . The Nihewan Basin (also: Nihewan Senke, 泥河湾盆地 ) in the border area of the provinces of Hebei and Shanxi was named after him, which is about 150 km west of Beijing and covers an area of about 150-200 km². This region is home to important paleoanthropological and archaeological sites from the Early Pleistocene .

Nihewan Faunal Community

It is, among other things, an important site of fossil vertebrate fauna ( 泥河湾动物群 , Nihewan dongwuqun , English Nihewan faunal assemblages - "(fossil) Nihewan fauna community") from the Quaternary . The fossils belong to Elephas (Paleoloxodon) , Elephas planifrons , Equus sanmeniensis , Bison , Camelus , Ovis and Dicerorhinus as well as to archaic types such as Proboscidihipparion ( Hipparion ) sinense , Elasmotherium , Chalicotherium and Machairodus .

Archaeological finds

It is a group of sites from the Paleolithic , some of which have been known since the 1970s, but the image of the earliest settlement of the Nihewan Basin has only changed significantly as a result of more recent palaeomagnetic investigations and subsequent excavations. The earliest evidence of colonization by hominini dates back to around 1.66 million years. The finds are of great importance for research into the stone tool culture there . Human fossils that can be attributed to Homo erectus have been discovered in Xujiayao .

Important sites in the Nihewan Basin are:

Yujiagou site ( 于家沟遗址 )
Xiaochangliang site ( 小长梁遗址 )
Hutouliang site ( 虎头梁遗址 )
Xujiayao site ( 许家窑遗址 )
Houjiayao site ( 侯家窑遗址 )
Donggutuo site ( 东谷坨遗址 )
Majuangou site ( 马圈沟遗址 ).
Xiantai site

In the 1920s, the French archaeologists Pierre Teilhard de Chardin and Henri Breuil researched Nihewan. Director of the Research Center Paleolithic culture Nihewan ( 泥河湾旧石器文化研究中心 , Nihewan jiushiqi wenhua yanjiu zhongxin , English Nihewan Paleolithic Culture Research Center ) is Xie Fei ( 谢飞 ).

Researchers Desmond Clark , Susan Keates, Ric Potts, Kathy Schick and Nic Toth have worked on Nihewan in English . The Canadian Royal Ontario Museum (abbr. ROM) is involved in the 1998 "Nihewan Project".

The palaeolithic Nihewan sites ( 泥河湾遗址群 , Nihewan yizhi qun also 泥河湾遗址 , Nihewan yizhi ) have been on the list of monuments of the People's Republic of China (5-2) since 2001 .

Generic term Nihewan

The word Nihewan 泥河湾 stands for different terms in Chinese:

Nihewan 泥河湾 the village of Nihewan
Nihewan pendi 泥河湾盆地 Nihewan basin
Nihewan dizhi poumian 泥河湾地质剖面 Geological profile of Nihewan
Nihewan dongwu qun 泥河湾动物群 fossil Nihewan fauna community
Nihewan dongzhiwu qun 泥河湾动植物群 fossil Nihewan fauna and flora community
Nihewan wenhua 泥河湾文化 Nihewan culture
Nihewan qi 泥河湾期 Nihewan time
Nihewan gu hu 泥河湾古湖 former Nihewan Lake

Table overview

1. Maquangou ( 马圈沟遗址 )

2. Feiliang ( 飞梁遗址 )

3. Cenjiawan ( 岑家湾遗址 )

4. Xiaochangliang ( 小长梁遗址 )

5. Banshan ( 半山遗址 )

6. Donggutuo ( 东谷坨遗址 )

7. Maliang ( 马梁遗址 )

8. Madigou ( 麻地沟遗址 )

9. Chenggou ( 成沟遗址 )

10. Youfang ( 油房遗址 )

11. Baituliang ( 白土梁遗址 )

12. Banjiangzi ( 板井子遗址 )

13. Banjiangzi T3 ( 板井子遗址Ｔ３ )

14. Xinmiaozhuang ( 新庙庄遗址 )

15. Que'ergou ( 雀儿沟遗址 )

16. Kudanggou ( 裤裆沟遗址 )

17. Toumafang ( 头马坊遗址 )

18. Manliubao ( 漫流堡遗址 )

19. Houjiayao ( 侯家窑遗址 )

20. Nihewan ( 泥河湾遗址 ) 　　

21. Xigou ( 西沟遗址 )

22. Ma'anshan ( 马鞍山遗址 )

23. Guadiliang ( 瓜地梁遗址 )

24. Baixigou ( 白喜沟遗址 )

25. Gongjiawan ( 弓家湾遗址 )

26. Heyan ( 河沿遗址 )

27. Dadiyuan ( 大地园遗址 )

28. Longjiawan ( 庞家湾遗址 )

29. Yaoyuan ( 窑院遗址 )

30.Yiduquan ( 益堵泉遗址 )

31. Baoyu ( 豹峪遗址 )

32 .Xiangshuigou ( 响水沟遗址 )

33. Hongya ( 红崖遗址 )

34.Beigou ( 北沟遗址 )

35. Huoshigou ( 火石沟遗址 )

36. Xibaimaying ( 西白马营遗址 )

37.Dongbaimaying ( 东白马营遗址 )

38.Dongfangchengbao ( 东坊城堡遗址 )

39.Weidipo ( 苇地坡遗址 )

40. Jijitan T1 ( 籍箕滩遗址Ｔ１ )

41. Jijitan T2 ( 籍箕滩遗址Ｔ２ )

42. Jijitan T3 ( 籍箕滩遗址Ｔ３ )

43. Caocun ( 槽村遗址 )

44. Pingding ( 平顶遗址 )

45. Majiayao ( 马家窑遗址 )

46.Baoshenguan ( 保伸观遗址 )

47.65039 site ( ６５０３９遗址 ) (Yujiagou 于家沟)

48.65040 site ( ６５０４０遗址 )

49.73117 site ( ７３１１７遗址 ) (Xinggou 杏沟)

50. 73101 site ( ７３１０１遗址 ) (Bashi mudi 八十亩地)

51.73102 site ( ７３１０２遗址 ) (Daxiwan 大西湾)

52.73105 site ( ７３１０５遗址 )

53.73107 site ( ７３１０７遗址 )

54. Motianling ( 摩天岭遗址 )

literature

Robin Dennell : The Palaeolithic Settlement of Asia. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge – New York – Melbourne 2009.
Xie Fei ( 谢飞 ), Li Jun ( 李珺 ), Liu Lianqiang ( 刘连强 ): Nihewan jiushiqi wenhua ( 泥河湾旧石器文化 ). Huashan wenyi chubanshe 2006. ISBN 7-80673-662-X
Wei Qi ( 卫奇 ), Xie Fei ( 谢飞 ) (Eds.): Nihewan yanjiu lunwen xuanbian 泥河湾研究论文选编 (Selection of research papers on Nihewan). Beijing: Wenwu chubanshe 1989. ISBN 7501001669

Web links

Individual evidence

↑ Dennell 2009, 168 after Han and Xu 1985

↑ Dennell 2009, 167.

↑ Archived copy ( Memento from November 12, 2012 in the Internet Archive )

↑ Archived copy ( Memento from June 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive )

↑ http://www.ucl.ac.uk/prehistoric/past/past54/past54.html

↑ Archived copy ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )

↑ http://law.lawtime.cn/d649468654562.html/pos=0 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / law.lawtime.cn

40.256101 114.630851Coordinates: 40 ° 15 ′ 22 " N , 114 ° 37 ′ 51.1" E

[1] Dennell 2009, 168 after Han and Xu 1985

[2] Dennell 2009, 167.

[3] Archived copy ( Memento from November 12, 2012 in the Internet Archive )

[4] Archived copy ( Memento from June 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive )

[5] ttp://www.ucl.ac.uk/prehistoric/past/past54/past54.html

[6] Archived copy ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )