Nikolai Pavlovich Bauer

Nikolai (Nikolaus) Pawlowitsch Bauer ( Russian: Николай Павлович Бауер ; born November 4, 1888 in St. Petersburg ; † September 18, 1942 ibid) was a numismatist in the Soviet Union .

Life

Nikolai (Nikolaus) Pawlowitsch Bauer was born on September 4, 1888 as the son of an estate manager in St. Petersburg and belonged to the German-speaking minority in Russia . However, he spent his earliest youth in Moscow until the family moved back to Petersburg. After attending the Annenschule there , Bauer studied history at the University of St. Petersburg from 1906 to 1910 . In 10913 he passed the master’s examination and in 1917 gave a trial lecture at the faculty to obtain the venia legendi . In 1910/11 he taught history at the German-speaking teachers' seminar in Mitau (today Jelgava , Latvia), was then vicariate teacher at the St. Petersburg Petri School in 1911/12 and senior teacher at the Annenschule from 1912 to 1918. At the same time he had the post of Inventarisators to Münzkabinett the Ermitage held until 1918 there was an assistantship and was 1919 curator assistant.

After taking part in the work of the 15th Petrograd City Board of Trustees since 1914 for the care of the families of conscripted soldiers, he ran for the bourgeois-liberal Constitutional Democratic Party after the February Revolution in 1917 , but was not elected. In January 1918 he advocated the participation of the teaching staff of the Annenschule in a strike against the new Soviet leadership and in autumn 1918 spent 18 days in prison. In 1919 he took the side of the White Guards and stayed in Kharkiv until 1920 , where he worked in the museum after the whites left. In 1920 he returned to Leningrad and worked in the Hermitage , from 1930 as curator , in 1935 as director of the coin cabinets, in 1938 as professor.

From 1920 to 1927, while working at the Hermitage, he was professor and lecturer in numismatics, first at the Petrograd Archaeological Institute and then at the University of Leningrad . He was also a research assistant at the Academy for Material Culture from 1920 to 1929. From 1931 to 1941 he also gave courses in German at various universities and privately.

In 1938 he was released from the Hermitage and was unemployed until December 1939, when he became a deputy senior researcher (without academic degree) at the Institute for Material Culture of the Academy of Sciences . On July 10, 1942, during the Leningrad blockade , Bauer was arrested, accused by the NKVD of anti-Soviet sentiments and defeatist propaganda, and shot on September 18, 1942.

Between 1919 and 1940 he wrote a large number of numismatic publications with a focus on the early Middle Ages, partly in German and partly in Russian. Bauer wrote the first overview of the finds of Western European coins from the 10th to the 12th centuries, which has not been updated to this day. Century from the territory of ancient Russia. He was also involved in the 1930 edited dictionary of coins by Friedrich von Schrötter , where he wrote the lexicon articles drawn with B. In 1941 he submitted the dissertation on the monetary system of medieval Russia (9th century - 1535), which was only printed in 2014, and the disputation was no longer held. The printed edition contains a foreword on Nikolai Bauer's life and work, written by his grandson Sergei Olegowitsch Androssow, who heads the Department of Western European Art at the Hermitage.

literature

• Бауер (farmer), Николай Павлович. In: Немцы России. Энциклопедия. = The Germans of Russia. Encyclopedia. Volume 1: А - И. ЭРН, Москва 1999, ISBN 5-93227-002-0 .

Publications (selection)

• The Russian finds of occidental coins of the 11th and 12th centuries. In: Journal of Numismatics . Vol. 39, 1929, pp. 1-187.
• The silver and gold bars of the Russian Middle Ages. An archaeological study. In: Numismatic Journal. Vol. 62, 1929, ISSN  0250-7838 , pp. 77-120.
• История древнерусских денежных систем IX в. - 1535 г. Русское слово, Москва 2014, ISBN 978-5-00-092001-5 ( History of the ancient Russian monetary systems of the 9th century - 1535. ).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Publication of the book by Nikolay P. Bauer “Old Russian Monetary Systems from the IX Century to Year 1535” hermitagemuseum.org. Retrieved August 23, 2015.