Annenschule (St. Petersburg)

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St. Anne's School
Saint Petersburg Lyceum 239.jpg
The Annenschule building (photo from 2008)
type of school Elementary school , secondary school , high school
founding 1736
closure 1934
place St. Petersburg
City with subject status St. Petersburg
Country Russia
Coordinates 59 ° 56 '41 "  N , 30 ° 21' 5"  E Coordinates: 59 ° 56 '41 "  N , 30 ° 21' 5"  E
student 1153 (1884)

The Annenschule (actually St. Anne's School) was a German school in Saint Petersburg that was formerly part of the St. Annen Church and was founded in 1736.

history

St. Petri Church

Since 1704 there was a Lutheran church in St. Petersburg by order of Peter the Great , at that time still within the fortress. Due to safety precautions after a powder keg explosion, all buildings not needed for the fortress were moved outside. The new church stood in the Russian suburb on the Neva.

Johann Leonhard Schattner, who had moved from Moscow, took over the office of preacher in 1719.

On September 11, 1720, the construction of the new wooden church began on a newly acquired property, which was inaugurated on March 18, 1722 under the name St. Petrikirche.

In 1740 a new building on a stone foundation was started, which was named after the recently deceased Empress Anna Ivanova .

Foundation of the St. Annenschule

As early as 1726 there were plans to build a coeducational school , but due to the decline in membership in the St. Annengemeinde these were initially postponed. On July 1, 1734, Schattner wrote to the church officials in which it said:

“But it is […] necessary to set up a proper school once. About this I now want to discover my immeasurably prescriptive thoughts and well-meaning:
1) I promise to take a capable man into my house, who likes both boys and girls in reading, writing and arithmetic, also what the prima principia of the Latin and French languages, and also one Instruction of geography and history will show [... "

Construction of the school began in 1735. The year of foundation is 1736. The first public school exam was held in 1741.

In August 1742, a larger school building had to be built due to the increased number of students; its foundation stone was laid on July 18, 1743, the architect was a Mr. Schumacher. The solemn inauguration of the new church took place on December 4, 1744 by Pastor Carl Emanuel Richter (born April 16, 1706 in Dommitzsch , † September 21, 1756).

The first school teacher and cantor responsible for all subjects was Pastor Richter until September 10, 1752. His successor was Bartholomäus Heinrich Struve, who came from Quedlinburg and had previously worked in Kronstadt , but was dismissed in 1761. His successor was Michael Friedrich Grosskreuz from February 25, 1762, but after the death of Pastor Johann Andreas Ehrhardt (also in the spelling Erhardt, * 1726 in Erfurt , † March 7, 1762) he had to take over his official duties and so the school service was forced to neglect. From December 1, 1762, Christian August Tornow from Archangel (* 1736) taught. Under him the school was run as a Latin school until 1780, the focus now being on religion and Latin lessons. In addition, “retirees”, i.e. boarding school students, were accepted for the first time under his leadership .

When the exam took place on October 6, 1763, the St. Anne's School had 80 students who were taught by six teachers. On August 27, 1765, a new, additional school building was inaugurated. The school was run by Pastor Johann Bogislaus Lonsert, who in 1766 decided that the teachers should include a principal (salary: 200  rubles ), a vice principal (salary: 150 rubles), a cantor (salary: 100 rubles) and an organist (salary : 100 rubles) 90 rubles) should give. These should be paid for by the church. In this year, the following course contents were determined: religion, Latin, history, geography, arithmetic , geometry , writing. Foreign languages ​​as well as music and art lessons were left to private lessons, but these also took place in the classrooms. School fees were 1 ruble per month, 50 kopecks for elementary school students and 2 rubles per month for private students. There were 20 free places at the school for children of poor parents.

Under Pastor Gallasius, children of the Greek Orthodox denomination were also allowed to attend school for the first time .

After several reforms, the St. Anne School participated since 1780 the character of a public school on, including the establishment of three girls classes was one in three school years. At that time the student body consisted of 69 students and 17 female students. The headmaster at this time was Pastor Thomas Friedrich Theodor Rheinbott († May 28, 1813).

On February 18, 1781, the leather manufacturer Johann Gottfried Kästner (1725–1789) donated the new stone building for the school, on the condition that ten orphans should be taught free of charge. The new building cost 16,000 rubles and the building was inaugurated on December 5, 1784.

Another application for a new school building was submitted as early as 1793; the construction on Kirochnaya Street for 57,000 rubles was inaugurated on October 28, 1793.

The number of female students had meanwhile increased to such an extent that girls' classes could be set up. In 1805 there were already 25 male and 40 female boarding school students living on the school premises. Rheinbott died in 1813 and his son Friedrich Rheinbott was his successor as director and head of the orphanage. His brother Thomas Rheinbott acted as school inspector.

The school subjects for boys during this period were: religion, general history, geography, natural history, technology, calligraphy , arithmetic, math (in Russian), German, Russian, French, English, Latin, music, singing, drawing, dancing. Girls were taught religion, Russian, German, French, English, geography, general history, natural history , needlework, drawing, singing, dancing, and music.

In 1830 105 boys and 92 girls were students at St. Anne's School.

In 1833 the profile changed from a citizen school to a scholarly school , marked for example by the inclusion of physics in the curriculum. Alexander Erichsen became director that year. On October 23, 1835, the school had 235 students. Since December 1839 there were the full five high school classes for both boys and girls. In 1841, Mr. Arronet, a former student, was hired as a teacher for the first time; he taught math.

The drawing room from 1896 (photo from 1912)

A library was set up in 1846, a physical and natural history cabinet in 1847 and a chemical cabinet in 1848. In the 1860s, lessons in the ancient languages ​​were increased, which was also reflected in the performance of several classical pieces such as Antigone and Elektra .

In 1871 the curriculum was revised, including a "brief instruction in pedagogy " given to the schoolgirls as future governesses .

A new school was built according to plans by the architect Alexius Thomas (?) Dutacq and was crowned with the inauguration on June 8, 1867. With the introduction of compulsory military service , students in the upper classes were also subjected to military exercises, which were abolished in 1882.

By Easter 1884, 1153 pupils were already being taught at the school.

The gym from 1889 (around 1900)

In 1889, the alumni raised money to build a modern gym, which then won a gold medal at the Russian Health Fair in 1893. This hall is still in use today.

The Annenschule grammar school in 1912

Since the school housed a grammar school, a secondary school, a primary school and an orphan school at the beginning of the 20th century, a new building was necessary. This took place in the years 1905–1906 on the other side of St. Anne's Church.

After the October Revolution , the previously independent school was subordinated to the state Ministry of Education. Classes in German were first reduced and then completely discontinued. In 1934 the school was divided into the 32nd and 11th schools. It has been the Physico-Mathematical Lyceum since 1975.

List of Rectors

Surname period of service Remarks
(Joh. Philipp Lütke (n)) 1736
Johann Leonhard Schattner -1741 * 1675 in Ansbach (Franconia), † February 3, 1741
Adam Heinrich Adamy October 14, 1766-23. October 1768 * October 17, 1744 in Großkrebs b. Marienwerder = Rakowiec
Daniel Gallasius 1768 * in Borchersdorf (Masuria), studied in Königsberg (East Prussia)
Johann Faustus from March 14, 1770
Johann Georg Mölting from August 18, 1775–9. September 1779 * in Kiel, † September 9, 1779
Rückers from 1779
Reason from June 1780
Carl Gottlob rhyme from 1785 from Uhyst near Bautzen
Johann Gottfried Kästner 1784 * 1725, † 1789
Friedrich Rheinbott 1813
Alexander Erichsen February 15, 1833–2. September 1845 * September 1797, † September 2, 1845 from a stroke
Hermann Wiedemann 1845-1859
Emil Overlach 1859-1863 * 1823 in Helmstedt
Julius Kirchner May 18, 1863-10. June 1884 * December 29, 1823 in Treplin , † March 22, 1907 in Naumburg (Saale)
Josef Koenig from August 17, 1884 * 1845 in Schwarzwasser

Other teachers in the school

Known students

literature

  • To celebrate the 150th anniversary of the St. Annen School on January 3, 1889.
  • Invitation to the public examinations of the St. Anne's School , St. Petersburg 1849.
  • Annual report of the St. Anne's School , St. Petersburg 1860–1913. ( some available on GooglePlay )
  • Igor Arkhangelsky: Annenschule through three centuries . ISBN 5-94214-062-6
  • Anton Friedrich Büsching: History of the Evangelical Lutheran Congregations in the Russian Empire, Volume 1 , 1766. ( limited preview in the Google book search)
  • Joachim C. Grot: Comments on the religious freedom of foreigners in the Russian Empire: In consideration of their various communities, their ecclesiastical institutions, their customs and their rights, Volume 3 , 1798. ( limited preview in the Google book search)
  • Nikolai N. Ramming: The St. Annen School in St. Petersburg , Berlin 1936.
  • Nikolai N. Ramming: The St. Anne's School in St. Petersburg: Addendum to the anniversary work, Volume 2 , Berlin 1937.
  • Ralph Tuchtenhagen : Education as a mission and a task. German Schools in St. Petersburg 1704-1934 (pdf) .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ On the jubilee of the 150th anniversary of the St. Annen School, on January 3, 1889, p. 7.
  2. ↑ On the jubilee celebration of the 150th anniversary of the St. Annen School, on January 3, 1889, p. 8.
  3. ^ Anton Friedrich Büsching: History of the Evangelical Lutheran communities in the Russian Empire. Iversen, 1766, p. 320 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  4. ↑ On the jubilee celebration of the 150th anniversary of the St. Annen School, on January 3, 1889, p. 12.
  5. ↑ On the jubilee celebration of the 150th anniversary of the St. Annen School, on January 3, 1889, p. 44.
  6. ↑ Physikalisch - Mathematische Lyzeum St. Petersburg: Our partner school website of the Hohenstaufen-Gymnasium Göppingen, accessed on January 12, 2015
  7. ↑ On the jubilee celebration of the 150th anniversary of the St. Annen School, on January 3, 1889, p. 8.
  8. ^ Anton Friedrich Büsching: History of the Evangelical Lutheran communities in the Russian Empire. Iversen, 1766, p. 318 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  9. ^ Adam Heinrich Adamy. In: Erik Amburger database. Leibniz Institute for East and Southeast European Studies , accessed on March 22, 2018 .
  10. ↑ Daniel Gallasius. In: Erik Amburger database. Leibniz Institute for East and Southeast European Studies , accessed on March 22, 2018 .
  11. ↑ Joachim C. Grot: Comments on the religious freedom of foreigners in the Russian Empire. Dyk, 1797, p. 404 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  12. ↑ Johann Georg Mölting. In: Erik Amburger database. Leibniz Institute for East and Southeast European Studies , accessed on March 22, 2018 .
  13. ↑ Johann Gottfried Kästner. In: Erik Amburger database. Leibniz Institute for East and Southeast European Studies , accessed on March 22, 2018 .
  14. ↑ Johann Gottfried Kästner. In: Erik Amburger database. Leibniz Institute for East and Southeast European Studies , accessed on March 22, 2018 .
  15. ↑ a b Alexander Friedrich Erichsen. In: Erik Amburger database. Leibniz Institute for East and Southeast European Studies , accessed on March 22, 2018 .
  16. ↑ Julius Kirchner. In: Erik Amburger database. Leibniz Institute for East and Southeast European Studies , accessed on March 22, 2018 .