Pyotr Franzewitsch Lesgaft

Pyotr Lesgaft

Pyotr Franzewitsch Lesgaft ( Russian Пётр Фра́нцевич Ле́сгафт ; * September 20, ^July / October 2,  1837 ^greg. In St. Petersburg ; † November 28, ^July / December 11,  1909, ^greg. In Cairo ) was a Russian physician , anatomist , University professor and founder of modern sports education .

Life

Lesgaft, the third son of a jeweler of German descent and the younger brother of the chemist Franz Franzewitsch Lesgaft , began studying at the St. Petersburg Imperial Medical and Surgical Academy in 1856 , which later became the Military Medical Academy (WMA) . In particular, he studied anatomy with Wenzel Gruber and graduated in 1861. He stayed at the academy, taught anatomy and worked in the surgical clinic of Professor Alexander von Kieter (1813–1879). In 1864 he married Elisabeth Andrejewna Jurgens. In 1865 he received his doctorate in medical science with the dissertation on the muscle fibers of the rectum in humans and some animals . In 1868 he became an anatomical doctor of surgery with his work Die Kolotomy (opening of the large intestine) in the left lumbar region .

In 1869, Lesgaft became an associate professor for normal anatomy at the University of Kazan . He lost this position in 1871 because of his unscientific methods. In 1872 he became a consultant for therapeutic gymnastics in the private practice of Dr. Berglindt. From 1872 to 1874 he looked after a group of Russian women who were allowed to work in the Medical-Surgical Academy for the first time. He was best known for publishing a descriptive history of sport in Europe and ancient Greece, as well as an article on real-life gymnastics. He was then commissioned with the sports training of the cadets . In 1875 and 1876, with the support of the Russian War Ministry, he visited Western Europe to get to know the local systems of physical education. In particular, he studied the British system when visiting public schools , the Central Army Gymnastics School of garrison Aldershot , the Royal Military Academy Woolwich and the University of Oxford . In 1877 he published books on the relationship between anatomy and physical education and the purpose of physical education in schools. He organized courses for physical education teachers at military academies. He was the creator of a modern system of physical education with medical- pedagogical control

In 1878 Lesgaft was appointed to the Medical-Surgical Academy under Wenzel Gruber as the second prosector . In 1884 he moved to the University of St. Petersburg as a lecturer in anatomy . In 1893 he founded the Biological Laboratory , which in 1918 became the PF Lesgaft Institute for Natural Science .

Because of Lesgaft's liberal ideas and his support of protesting student groups with the signature of appropriate petitions, he was banned from teaching and staying in residential and university cities for a period of two years in 1901. He was practically under house arrest in a Finnish village. Then he returned to the capital and resumed teaching. After the participation of his students in the Russian Revolution in 1905 , Lesgraft's courses were completely banned in 1907. Then he secretly continued his courses. Eventually he left Russia to enjoy the warmer climate in Egypt . Lesgaft died of kidney failure in Cairo . Despite official disabilities, over 6,000 people attended his funeral in St. Petersburg. Four months later, the Lesgaft courses were allowed to take place again, which after the October Revolution of 1919 became the PF Lesgaft Institute for Education, Sport and Health .

Honors

• Russian Order of Saint Stanislaus III. Class (1867)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Lesgaft Peter Franzevich (accessed on 23 August 2016).
2. ↑ ^{a b c d} James Riordan: Pyotr Fanzevich Lesgaft (1837-1909) - The Founder of Russian Physical Education (accessed August 23, 2016).
3. ↑ Lesgaft Peter Frantsevich (accessed 23 August 2016).
4. ↑ GM Gerzenstein: Lesgaft, Pyotr Franzewitsch . Brockhaus-Efron , St. Petersburg 1890–1907 (Russian).

Web links

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