Nimbschen Monastery
The Nimbschen Monastery (Marienthron) is a former Cistercian abbey , located immediately south of Grimma in Saxony on the Mulde (1243–1536 / 42).
history
In 1243 founded the Wettin Margrave Henry the Illustrious (1221-1288) probably at Torgau the nuns convent Marienthron as Seelstiftung his recently deceased wife Constantia of Austria . The monastery received extensive initial equipment: real estate, the two parishes of Altbelgern and Weßnig and the Torgau Church, etc. a. from Wettin property, which was intended for the Reinhardsbrunn Benedictine monastery in 1119 .
In addition to the material security, the margrave managed to legally anchor the nunnery. This was done through incorporation into the Cistercian order (1244), whereby the male monastery Cistercian Abbey Pforta was designated as the mother monastery for the nuns . The monks of this abbey were to become confessors of the Marienthron nuns in the following centuries, the abbots of Pforta were given the right to visit the women's abbey, and they were also responsible for pastoral care and support in economic issues. In 1250 the nuns received the privilegium commune of the Cistercian order from Pope Innocent IV (1243–1254) , but the nuns did not obtain an exemption from the Merseburg diocesan bishop. This is e.g. B. can be found in a document of the bishop from 1279, which confirmed the membership of the Marian throne to the Cistercian order, subject to however the episcopal rights.
The nunnery has moved twice. Around 1250, the sanctuary settled in the city of Grimma, the Wettin foundation from the turn of the 13th century, and was equipped there with the parish and the hospital. The hospital buildings were probably used by the nuns to stay and were rebuilt and expanded between 1250 and 1270. Before 1291, the Cistercian nuns moved into a newly built monastery near Nimbschen, thereby strengthening the position of their Wettin margravial territorial lords in this area.
In the late Middle Ages, the Zisterze Nimbschen owned extensive holdings on the Elbe and Mulde, but the establishment of the monastic manor had stagnated since the 14th century, and financial difficulties became apparent towards the end of the 15th century. The Wettins as Saxon electors and sovereigns and the abbots of Pforta tried to implement reforms that only succeeded insofar as the community of nuns was economically healthy in the 1520s despite extensive renovation work on the monastery buildings at the beginning of the 16th century.
However, the religious and spiritual life of the nuns did not remain unaffected by the reforms. This is the only way to explain the penetration of Reformation ideas into Nimbschen. The flight of nine nuns from the abbey in 1523, including Katharina von Bora , the later wife of Martin Luther , and Magdalena von Staupitz , is one of the well-known events from the final phase of the monastery community. Of 40 women, nine nuns were left in the monastery when Margaretha (II.) (1509–1536), the last abbess of the Marian throne, died. The monastery as a spiritual institute was then dissolved (1536), the business was continued by the monastery administrator until the elector Johann Friedrich von Sachsen (1525–1554) leased the monastery property in 1542 .
From 1550 to 1948, the Nimbschen monastery - like the Buch monastery - belonged to the Princely School in Grimma as a state school property , and the lease proceeds were used to finance vacancies at the school for talented students from all social classes.
Abbesses
- Beatrix (Abbess) (1252, 1253)
- Margarethe von Kirchberg (after 1257 - before 1282)
- Hedwig (1282, 1308, 1310)
- Jutta (1314)
- Gertrude (1322)
- Elisabeth (I) (1339, 1355)
- Mechthild (1357, 1372)
- Margaretha (I.) von Leisnig (1378, 1387)
- Hip Truchsessen (1390, 1394)
- Mechthild von Landsberg (1397, 1402)
- Elisabeth (II.) (1409, 1410)
- Sophia von Prausitz (1423, 1427)
- Margaretha (1436-1456)
- Elisabeth Grauschwitz (1456–1461)
- Dorothea von Behr (1461– ?, 1481)
- Ursula von Lausick (1484, 1495)
- Katherina von Schönberg (1498–1509)
- Margaretha (II.) Von Haubitz (1509–1536)
Todays use
Next to the ruins of the monastery is the Hotel Kloster Nimbschen with conference facilities and a culture barn . The hotel complex suffered from the flood of the century in 2002 . On the Reformation Day 2010, the foundation stone for the chapel was laid next to the monastery ruins.
The Luther Trail leads through Nimbschen.
literature
- Christian Gottlob Lorenz: A few remarks about the Nimtschen monastery near Grimma and about Katharina von Bora . In: Sachsengrün 1 (1861) p. 81ff.
- Christian Gottlob Lorenz : Document book of the city of Grimma and the monastery Nimbschen. (CDS II 15.)
- Kurt Seidel: The assets of the Nimbschen monastery in and around Torgau . Diss. Leipzig 1911.
- Hermann Koestler: Nimbschen Monastery . in: Communications of the Landesverein Sächsischer Heimatschutz Volume XXV, Issue 9–12 / 1936, Dresden 1936, pp. 214–224.
- Anne-Katrin Köhler: History of the Nimbschen Monastery. From its foundation in 1243 until its end in 1536/1542 ; Works on the history of the church and theology, vol. 7; Leipzig 2003.
- Nimbschen Monastery . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 7th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1820, pp. 375-380.
- Nimbschen Monastery . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 18th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1833, p. 354 f.
- Cornelius Gurlitt : Nimpschen. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 20. Issue: Amtshauptmannschaft Grimma (2nd half) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1898, p. 192.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Kurt Schwabe : The archive of the Princely and State School St. Augustin zu Grimma and his fate after 1945, p. 151. In: Friedrich Wermuth, Karl Irmscher u. a .: From the electoral state school to the St. Augustin high school in Grimma 1550–2000. Beucha 2000, 240 pages, ISBN 3-930076-99-3
- ↑ CD II, 15, p. 218, line 26
Coordinates: 51 ° 12 ′ 54 ″ N , 12 ° 44 ′ 34 ″ E