Nocturne (music)

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John Field about 1835
Nocturne in E flat major, Op. 9 No. 2 by Frédéric Chopin
The “ nocturnal ” was also rediscovered in the fine arts of the Romantic period . Caspar David Friedrich created many nocturnal views, here the view of Greifswald in the moonlight in 1817.
This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.
There is no evidence whatsoever for the description and only a few for the examples - Babarr ( discussion ) 10:24, Nov. 11, 2017 (CET)

The (also: "the") Nocturne or Notturno (literally: "Nachtgewdend", mostly: "Nocturnal") is a form of music that emerged during the Baroque period , which is not fixed in its line-up and sentence structure. During this time, the name Nocturne and the Serenade overlap . Nocturnes established themselves as light music at royal houses and were primarily instrumental, but could also contain vocal elements.

In today's perception, however, the Nocturne is primarily associated with character pieces for piano that were created in the Romantic era , the inventor of which is considered to be the Irish composer John Field . The 21 nocturnes by Frédéric Chopin were of particular importance ; their layout only seldom corresponded to the image of the nocturnes valid at that time as a rather slow and calm piano piece, but instead developed a wide variety of expressive possibilities. These ideas are more in line with the very popular love dreams of Franz Liszt , which, however, require the interpreter to be highly technical.

Nocturnes for piano continued to be composed by Alexander Scriabin (under the strong influence of Chopin), Erik Satie , Gabriel Fauré and Sergei Rachmaninov , among others .

Claude Debussy again composed nocturnes for orchestra and choir in Impressionism . Billy Joel used the nocturne in popular music .

Volker David Kirchner wrote a concert piece for viola and orchestra with the German expression for nocturne in the title: Nachtstück (variations on a Wagnerian chord connection) .

Examples

  • John Field :
    • Nocturne No. 1 in E flat major for piano, H 24, 1812
    • Nocturne No. 2 in C minor for piano, H 25, 1812
    • Nocturne No. 3 in A flat major for piano, H 26, 1812
    • Nocturne No. 9 "Romance" in E flat major for piano, H 30, 1816
    • Nocturne No. 4 in A major for piano, H 36, 1817
    • Nocturne No. 5 in B flat major for piano, H 37, 1817
    • Nocturne No. 6 "Cradle Song" in F major for piano, H 40, 1817
    • Nocturne No. 7 (13) in C major for piano, H 45, 1821
    • Nocturne No. 8 (9) in E major for piano, H 46, 1821
    • Nocturne No. 12 (14) in G major for piano, H 58, 1822
    • Nocturne No. 10 in E minor for piano, H 54, 1829
    • Nocturne No. 11 in E flat major for piano, H 56, 1832
    • Nocturne No. 13 (15) "Dernière Pensée" in D minor for piano, H 59, 1834
    • Nocturne No. 14 (16) in C major for piano, H 60, 1835
    • Nocturne No. 15 (17) in C major for piano, H 61, 1836
    • Nocturne No. 16 (18) in F major for piano, H 62.1836
  • Carl Czerny :
    • Brilliant Nocturne "Those were blessed days for me" for piano four hands op. 71
    • 8 Nocturnes op.368
  • Frédéric Chopin , 21 nocturnes for piano, 1827–1846
  • Clara Schumann - Nocturne in F major Op. 6 No. 2 from "Soirées Musicales"
  • Robert Schumann , Night Pieces op. 23, 1839
  • Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy , Notturno as part of his incidental music for a Midsummer Night's Dream for orchestra op.61, MWV M 13, 1842
  • Fanny Hensel-Mendelssohn , Notturno in G minor for piano
  • Franz Liszt :
    • 3 love dreams for piano, 1850, p. 541.
    • En rêve for piano, 1885, p. 207.
  • Charles Valentin Alkan :
    • Nocturne for piano, 1844
    • Deuxième nocturne for piano, 1859
    • Troisième nocturne for piano, 1859
  • Theodor Kirchner :
    • Night pictures. 10 character pieces, Op. 25th
    • Nocturne. 4 pieces for piano, Op. 28
  • Sergei Rachmaninoff , 3 Nocturnes for piano, 1887/88
  • Alexander Nikolayevich Scriabin :
    • Nocturne in A flat major for piano, 1884
    • 2 Nocturnes, op. 5, 1890
    • Prelude and Nocturne for Left Hand, Op. 9, 1894
    • Poème-Nocturne for piano, Op. 61
  • Claude Debussy , Les Nocturnes for orchestra, 1900
  • Ernest Bloch , Three Nocturnes for piano trio, 1924
  • Paul Graener , Three Nocturnes for male choir based on texts by Richard Dehmel and Gustav Falke, 1930
  • Sergio Antonio del Rio : Nocturno. Homage to John Field for piano, 1998
  • Dora Pejačević : Two Nocturnos, Op. 50, 1918, 1920
  • Edvard Grieg Notturno Op. 54 No. 4th

literature

  • Christian Fastl: Notturno. In: Oesterreichisches Musiklexikon . Online edition, Vienna 2002 ff., ISBN 3-7001-3077-5 ; Print edition: Volume 3, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-7001-3045-7 .
  • Ulrich Michels: dtv-Atlas Music. Volume 2: Music History from the Baroque to the Present. dtv / Bärenreiter, Munich / Kassel 2003, ISBN 3-423-03023-2 .
  • Wolfgang Krueger: The night piece - a contribution to the development of the one-movement piano piece in the 19th century. (= Writings on music. Volume 9). Musikverlag Emil Katzbichler, Munich 1971, ISBN 3-87397-007-0 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Sergio Antonio del Rio: Nocturno - Homage to John Field. Fabian Norman Verlag, accessed June 18, 2017 .
  2. ↑ Koraljka Kos: Dora Pejačević. Life and work . Ed .: Marija Božić. Music Information Center, Zagreb 1987, p. 64 .