Norbixin

Structural formula
	; ;
	cis -norbixin (top) and trans -norbixin (bottom)
General
Surname	Norbixin
Molecular formula	C 24 H 28 O 4
Brief description	red-brown to red-violet powder, red-brown (in alkaline water)
External identifiers / databases
EC number	208-810-8
ECHA InfoCard	100.008.010
PubChem	5281249
Wikidata	Q1997371
properties
Molar mass	380.52 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
solubility	soluble in water; slightly soluble in ethanol ; very little soluble in lipophilic substances such as oils;
safety instructions
GHS labeling of hazardous substances	no GHS pictograms
	no GHS pictograms
H and P phrases	H: no H-phrases
	P: no P-phrases
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Norbixin is a natural dye and xanthophyll that is obtained by extraction from the seeds of the urucum or achiote plant Annatto (Bixa Orellana), which are orange in color. The color can vary yellowish, depending on the concentration. Norbixin is available as a spray-dried powder and as a solution.

Extraction

Norbixin can be obtained by removing the outer layer of the prepared seeds of the annatto bush ( Bixa orellana ) by grinding the seeds in cold water and then extracting them with solvents such as acetone , methanol or n- hexane .

Breaking fruits of the annatto bush ( Bixa orellana )

The resulting solution is acidified bixin , which is then filtered, dried, and the precipitate ground. This mainly contains cis - and trans -Bixin, the main pigment being the cis -Bixin. With alkaline lye , norbixin can be obtained as the corresponding salt , again cis -norbixin being the main dye.

use

Norbixin is mainly used as a coloring agent for food. Norbixin as a component of annatto may only be used in certain foods at defined concentrations.

Some examples are:

Baked goods (max. 10 mg kg ⁻¹ )
Desserts (max. 10 mg kg ⁻¹ )
Cheese, processed cheese (max. 15 mg kg ⁻¹ )
Ice cream (max. 20 mg kg ⁻¹ )
edible cheese and sausage casings (max. 20 mg kg ⁻¹ )
Snacks made from potatoes or cereals (max. 20 mg kg ⁻¹ )

The recommended maximum daily dose (AID): up to 2.5 mg kg ⁻¹ body weight for annatto and 0.065 mg kg ⁻¹ body weight for norbixin.

Web links

AC Júnior, LM Asad, EB Oliveira, K. Kovary, NR Asad, I. Felzenszwalb: Antigenotoxic and antimutagenic potential of an annatto pigment (norbixin) against oxidative stress. (PDF; 483 kB) In: Genetics and molecular research: GMR. Volume 4, Number 1, March 2005, pp. 94-99, PMID 15841440 .

Individual evidence

↑ ANNATTO EXTRACTS (ALKALI-PROCESSED NORBIXIN, ACID-PRECIPITATED) (PDF; 86 kB).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d page no longer available , search in web archives: dyes for food and cosmetics .@1@ 2

↑ There is not yet a harmonized classification for this substance . A labeling of 6,6'-diapo-ψ, ψ-carotenedioic acid in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on July 29, 2019, is reproduced from a self-classification by the distributor .

↑ ^a ^b Peter Kuhnert, Käte K. Glandorf; Handbook of Food Additives; ISBN 3-925673-89-X .

↑ Additives online: E 160b Annatto .

[1] ANNATTO EXTRACTS (ALKALI-PROCESSED NORBIXIN, ACID-PRECIPITATED) (PDF; 86 kB).

[bag-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d page no longer available , search in web archives: dyes for food and cosmetics .@1@ 2

[3] Template: CL Inventory / not harmonized There is not yet a harmonized classification for this substance . A labeling of 6,6'-diapo-ψ, ψ-carotenedioic acid Template: link text check / apostrophe in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on July 29, 2019, is reproduced from a self-classification by the distributor .

[LZS-4] Peter Kuhnert, Käte K. Glandorf; Handbook of Food Additives; ISBN 3-925673-89-X .

[5] Additives online: E 160b Annatto .