Familienkölsch
A variant of the German language from the Rhineland that sounds close to Ripuarian is sometimes referred to as " Familienkölsch " . It is largely based on Standard German , which is only enriched with a few colloquial or dialect- related words , but spoken with a conspicuous Rhenish sound . Also grammatical constructs of the Rhine colloquial language or dialect are sometimes used.
Origin and word formation
The term appears at the latest in the early 1950s. It is only indirectly related to the Cologne dialect. Rather, it is a question of a euphemism , initially intended as a joke .
In the families of the Rhineland, with the advance of civic education in the 19th and 20th centuries, the dialect as everyday language was on the decline. Standard High German at that time, as a functional or vehicle language in schools and training as well as the authorities of the Prussian state and the German Empire , made it increasingly competitive. In particular, the children in families were often encouraged to speak Standard German in order to give them better opportunities in education and at work. The elderly, who did not succeed in learning the High German sound, whose high-level vocabulary was often not particularly extensive, spoke inevitably with a strong accent.
But sharp tongues found the name "Familienkölsch" when this type of standard German was increasingly heard in public. "Kölsch" here represents all Ripuarian dialects. The word "Ripuarian" is a technical language and would probably not have been understood in public. None of the three large dialect groups in the Rhineland, the Moselle-Franconian in the south, the Ripuarian around Cologne and the Lower Franconian adjoining to the north , are particularly familiar to the population, dialects are usually only differentiated by place names, such as " Hommersch Platt " or " Hürther Platt" etc.
The term has also been adopted by linguists and dictionary authors.
classification
Familienkölsch can be seen as a special variety of a Rhenish regiolect . In contrast to the many, comparatively inconsistent forms of the Regiolect, which differ in terms of their proximity and distance from the standard language on the one hand, but at the same time in terms of the strength of the reference to one or the other of the many dialects on the other, it relates its intonation and many of its lexical extensions from the Ripuarian language area. Differences within the Ripuarian substratum remain partly recognizable in this way of speaking.
As an intermediate stage between a locally available dialect and a high-level language serving supraregional communication, it is similar to so-called notable Swabian and Missingsch , which is widespread in northern Germany, especially Hamburg . Unlike the latter, however, it is not a written language, despite individual publications ( see below ).
use
It is characteristic of the "Familienkölsch" that it is used by speakers who do not want to speak dialect, either to avoid social disadvantages ( linguisticism ), or because they have to communicate with people who would not understand the dialect or they simply move in a linguistic environment characterized by High German.
In its beginnings it was the way of speaking of those who could not deny their origins in the dialect environment, but consciously chosen by the 20th century at the latest, and a form of self-expression in public that was used deliberately.
On the stage, in literature and in films, the "Familienkölsch" appears again and again, both in the context of (involuntary) comedy and without it. In the period from 1873 to 1888, the Cologne carnivalist Maria Heinrich Hoster appeared in the role of the delicatessen dealer Mr. Anton Meise (“ Tillekatessen dealer Här Antun Meis ”), whose “experiences” he also published in book form. In the 1931 film M - A city is looking for a murderer , it is spoken of by some representatives of the underworld who probably immigrated to the scene of the action. In the film adaptation of the Feuerzangenbowle directed by Heinz Rühmann , the high school professor called "Schnauz" speaks strongly Ripuarian German. After the Second World War, Willy Millowitsch was engaged in numerous films, often in supporting roles, as a character with a “Rhenish accent”. In the current entertainment program of the television stations Sat 1 , RTL and Pro 7 , a number of jokers are active with this way of speaking, in broadcasts of the WDR Cologne it appears regularly, with the people from Anrhein also in a weekly soap opera .
properties
The choice of words generally corresponds largely to standard German , which is only enriched with a few words from the dialect or rather the colloquial language of the Rhineland, which is somewhat closer to it. Depending on the situation, this happens where the speaker does not have sufficiently appropriate expressions in the standard language or occasionally to create a familiar address, etc.
As a rule , syntactic forms that differ significantly from the grammar of Standard German, such as the Rhenish forms or “ for… zu ” instead of “um”, “um… zu”, “because” and the like, are avoided.
Despite a mostly high-level choice of words and the same sentence structure, a clearly Ripuarian intonation is used. This applies to sentence melodies as well as vowel lengths, accentuation within words and some other properties, especially the pronunciation of certain consonants .
The vowelism of Ripuarian, which deviates strongly from Standard German, is very seldom recognizable, while slight deviations are almost always realized, i.e. spoken.
The Rhenish Rhotazism (Wagen> Waren ) and the various Jotierung (like> järn ; weigh> wiejen ; tomorrow> morrjen ) of the West Central German languages, the so-called Auslaut-R-hardening (there> wick ; cherry> Kichsche with roof "ch" ) as well as a relatively even shift from “sch” and me- “ch” to either “sch” or a dark me- “ch”, depending on the origin and dialectal background of the speaker, are typical pronunciation phenomena. In addition, there are shifted accentuations within three- and more-syllable words (Hauptbahnhof> Hauptb aa nhoff , Volkshochschule> Volksh o chschuule ) and the elongations of some consonants and vowels that are typical for the Ripuarian languages . Particularly noticeable for non-Rhinelanders are the tone accents characteristic of the Limburg and Ripuarian languages , which are completely unknown outside the Rhineland and difficult to imitate for the inexperienced.
Examples, comparison to standard German
Since emphasis, intonation and pronunciation are of the essence, it is difficult to write down Familienkölsch, which is why it is usually recorded in a " sound-based " manner based on German spelling , which naturally can only be an approximation.
- “ I want to bring the Christmas barrel with the family, habb-ish jesacht. "
- I want to spend Christmas with the family, I said.
- “ Now don't be so fussy here. "
- Please be less meticulous here (with).
- “ Take people as they are. Others don't jib. "
- Please accept people as they are. There are no others.
- “ This-here is dam machines. "
- This is a steam engine.
- " Darw-ish fochtfaaren, who would want to talk about the Schpocht? "
- Can i continue? We want to talk about sport.
- “ So what the witness was doing, that is the unheard of! Then it came to feel that dä dammit fü-sisch wants to slap something! But that should never work! "
- What the witness testified, however, was untruth. Obviously, you can tell that he's trying to gain an advantage. But let him fail.
The last example in particular allows several standard language conversions. Instead of “fail”, “fail” can also be used there. While the shorter and more concise form is often preferred when writing, this is less common with standard spoken German. The same applies to the idiomatic phrase "you can (but) feel it", which only exists in the central Rhineland and which requires specific emphasis. A family speaker chooses this because from his point of view it reflects what is meant much more clearly than any high-level equivalent that occurs to him. He may expect to be better understood this way. It could be that he does not take the time to look for a High German construct in the flow of speech; and so on. Where the sentence structure and choice of words differ significantly from Standard German, several such reasons usually apply. The fact that dialect-related or dialectal expressions are heard more frequently with emotional topics and emotional speech than with factual topics and factual speaking seems to confirm the widespread prejudice that dialect is for the feeling, the standard language for the mind. But that is actually more a consequence of how the respective language forms are learned.
Known speakers
Publicly known "Familienkölsch" spokespersons are the former Lord Mayor of Cologne and later German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer , in many of his film and theater roles the actor Willy Millowitsch , his stage partner Elsa Scholten , his sister, the popular actress Lucy Millowitsch , the former Cologne government president Antwerpes , the Leverkusen football manager Reiner Calmund or the cook Horst Lichter .
Related terms
Only with reference to Konrad Adenauer did the journalists Karl-Heinz Wocker and Claus Heinrich Meyer use the term "Chancellor Rhine" in some publications in 1963 on the radio and on records. One often hears such imprecise constructs as “High German with Knubbeln”, “Kölsch with Knubbeln” (“ Knubbel ” could perhaps be equated with “Beulen”) or “Normal German, no High German” or, even more vaguely, simply “ Rhenish ” ".
Web links
The website of the language department at the Institute for Regional Studies and Regional History at the Landschaftsverband Rheinland offers several sample audio files:
- Adenauerdeutsch (from a government address by Konrad Adenauer; MP3; 1.2 MB)
- Family Cologne of the actress Sammy Orfgen from Cologne (MP3; 1.8 MB)
- Rhenish High German from Bonn (MP3; 715 kB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Dr. Georg Cornelissen : My grandma still speaks Platt - where is the dialect in the Rhineland? , Greven Verlag , Cologne 2008, ISBN 978-3-7743-0417-8
- ↑ a b See e.g. B. also page 31 ff. In Georg Cornelissen: "Rheinisches Deutsch." Greven Verlag, Cologne, 2005, ISBN 3-7743-0367-3
- ↑ a b Hans Schmitt-Rost : Kölsch, as it is not in the dictionary , Scheffler, Frankfurt / Main, 1968.
- ↑ Prof. Heribert A. Hilgers at the University of Cologne in his lecture on the Cologne language in the 1970s
-
^ Charles VJ Russ: "The Dialects of Modern German: A Linguistic Survey", 519 pages, Routledge, 1990, ISBN 0-415-00308-3 , ISBN 978-0-415-00308-7 . Limited access
to Google Books too . - ↑ a b Chapter “Classification” (pages 12 and 13) in Stefan Winter : Kölsches Synonymverzeichnis - Wie säht mer söns nor för: arbeide, Blötschkopp, drinke, flöck, Jeck, kriesche, Puute, rähne, schwade. beat up, Zommelöm? , Bachem Verlag, Cologne, 1st edition, 2003. ISBN 3-7616-1689-9
- ↑ a b Heribert A. Hilgers (exact quote is currently being researched)
- ↑ For example, Reiner Calmund expressly confirmed this in several television interviews and talk shows about his own way of speaking in public.
- ↑ See also page 29 below and page 55 in Georg Cornelissen : "Rheinisches Deutsch." Greven Verlag, Cologne, 2005, ISBN 3-7743-0367-3
- ↑ Meis, Antun : “Kölsch Levve. Humoresques by Mr. Antun Meis. Edited and illustrated by H. Hoster . ”7th edition, published by J. P. Mischel, Düsseldorf, no year, approx. 1928.
- ↑ Heinrich Hoster: "times spent the Härrn Tillerkatessenhändlers Härrn Antun Meis" Staufen-Verlag, Cologne, 1941
- ↑ Meis, Antun: "Des Herr Antun Meis, formerly Tillekatessen dealer in Cologne and Rentenirer in Knollendorf Collected Works", Kölnische Verl.-Druckerei, 1962
- ↑ From the rühmann film adaptation of the Feuerzangenbowle
- ↑ cf. u. a. Georg Cornelissen: "Rheinisches Deutsch." Greven Verlag, Cologne, 2005, ISBN 3-7743-0367-3
- ↑ see for example Dieter Stellmacher : “Low German”, forms and research, series “Germanistische Linguistik”, Max-Niemeyer-Verlag, Tübingen, 1981, ISBN 3-484-10415-5 , v. a. Pages 22 to 33, as well as the sources mentioned there
- ↑ a b See also on the website of the language department ( Memento of the original from June 20, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at the LVR Institute for Regional Studies and Regional History at the Rhineland Regional Council (accessed on August 4, 2011)
- ↑ See also the newly released CD with original recordings: Claus Heinrich Meyer, Karl-Heinz Wocker, Konrad Adenauer, Hans Daniel: “Learn Rheinisch with Konrad Adenauer” only with the blessing of Konrad Adenauer; most famous language course of the crazy sixties. Kegel, Bad Honnef, 2006.
- ^ Page 30 in Georg Cornelissen: "Rheinisches Deutsch." Greven Verlag, Cologne, 2005, ISBN 3-7743-0367-3
