Northern Albania
Nordalbingien , Nordelbingen or Nordelbien ("area north of the Elbe") was part of the Saxon population area in the 8th century , which was probably outside the threefold division of Engern , Ostfalen and Westphalia . It largely coincided with the area of western Holstein and Hamburg north of the Elbe . Northern Albingia was divided into the three Saxon districts of Dithmarschen , Holstein and Stormarn . A border area followed north of the Eider , which is referred to in literature as the Danish mark .
history
Charlemagne began to conquer Saxony in 772. Of the three sub-tribes, he first surrendered to him in 775 under Hassio and shortly afterwards the Engern under Bruno. In 776 he defeated the Westphalia, but their dux Widukind fled to the Nordmannen , whereby it remains open whether the Danes or the Nordalbingier were meant. The latter could be identical to the Northern Leudi , many of whom were baptized in 780 after a successful campaign by Charlemagne on the Elbe.
Even after Widukind submitted in 785, the resistance or uprisings of the northern Saxons did not end, especially in the Elbe-Weser triangle ( Wigmodien ) and north of the Elbe. Charlemagne allied himself with the Slavic Abodrites , whose prince Drasco and the Frankish legate Eburis defeated the Nordliudi in 798. After the Reichsannals , 4,000 men fell. Since the riots did not stop, Charlemagne went again with an army in 804 against the Wigmodians and the northern Albingians and deported the defeated with women and children to the Franconian Empire. His biographer Einhard speaks of 10,000 families.
Charlemagne initially left the three districts of the northern Albingians to his allies, the Abodrites. When the latter could not assert themselves against the Danish king and had to pay tribute, Charlemagne sent his son Karl the Younger to the Elbe with a large army in 808 . On March 15, 809, Saxon legates and counts began building Esesfeld Castle . Presumably the deported northern Albingians were allowed to return to their homeland now.
According to some sources, Charlemagne planned to found a diocese in northern Albingia, which should be subordinate to the priest Heridag. When the priest died, these plans were initially abandoned and the area of northern Albingia was assigned to the dioceses of Bremen and Verden during the reign of Emperor Ludwig . 831 Ansgar was appointed archbishop. Northern Albania and the Scandinavian areas were subordinate to him. Its seat was initially the Hammaburg until the Vikings destroyed Hamburg in 845 and the archbishop had to flee. Ansgar was initially compensated with the diocese of Bremen, but this was inadmissible under canon law. That is why the two dioceses were united to form the Archdiocese of Hamburg-Bremen.
Modern use of the term
In the course of the discussion about a possible reorganization of the federal territory , among other things, the formation of a northern state of North Elbe or North Elbe through the amalgamation of Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein as well as parts of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Lower Saxony was discussed.
The Evangelical Lutheran regional church for Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg was called the North Elbian Church until 2012 .
literature
- Thomas Riis: From the state “synnan aa” to the Duchy of Schleswig. In: Klaus Düwel , Edith Marold , Christine Zimmermann (eds.): From Thorsberg to Schleswig. Language and writing of a border area over the course of a millennium . International colloquium in the Viking Museum in Haithabu from September 29 to October 3, 1994. de Gruyter, Berlin et al. 2001, ISBN 3-11-016978-9 , pp. 53–60 ( Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde . Supplementary volume 25).
- Thomas Klapheck: Saint Ansgar and the Carolingian Northern Mission. Verlag Hahnsche Buchhandlung, Hanover 2008, ISBN 978-3-7752-6042-8 ( publications of the Historical Commission for Lower Saxony and Bremen 242), (complete at the same time: Oldenburg, Univ., Phil. Diss., 2004), especially chapter 2.4. 3: The development of Transalbingia up to the time of Ansgar (pp. 88–95).
Web links
- § 3: The first attempts at conversion in Denmark and Sweden . In: Konrad Maurer : The conversion of the Norwegian tribe to Christianity in its historical course described by sources . Volume I, Christian Kaiser, Munich 1855, p. 22.
Individual evidence
- ^ Brockhaus' Kleines Konversations-Lexikon . 5th edition, Vol. 2, Leipzig 1911, pp. 281-282, entry Nordalbingia ( digitized ).
- ↑ Werner Rutz: The division of the Federal Republic into countries. A new overall concept for the territorial status after 1990. Nomos, Baden-Baden 1995, pp. 69–72.