Traffic times

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City traffic at late dusk

In general, three categories of traffic times can be derived from the daily fluctuations in traffic demand : rush hour (HVZ), normal or off- peak traffic time (NVZ) and off- peak traffic time (SVZ), also known as late traffic time in the evening.

Rush hour

In rush hour (HVZ), colloquially also referred to as peak traffic time , peak time , rush hour or English rush hour , the driving purposes work ( rush hour ) and school ( school traffic ) dominate . In the immediate vicinity of schools and kindergartens, the transport of children at the start of lessons and picking them up at the end of lessons often creates a special form of school rush hour . Traffic is particularly heavy during rush hour and traffic jams often occur. The demand, especially during the morning rush hour, is to be regarded as inelastic, since the start of work and school are usually fixed. The midday rush hour is dominated by school traffic and mainly affects local public transport (ÖPNV). The peak is usually small, so this period is not reported as rush hour everywhere. In the evening rush hour, the traffic peak is usually lower than in the morning, as there is a greater distribution here. The rush hour is usually from 6 a.m. to 9 a.m. (early peak hours) and from 4 p.m. to 7 p.m. (late peak hours). In rural areas, the start and end can be shifted by up to an hour, as the travel times for commuters between rural areas and urban areas are usually longer.

During rush hour, there are often different cycles (sequence of journeys) or travel times in local public transport, and sometimes the vehicle is driven without a schedule with the maximum number of vehicles (for example in Paris and New York ). In private transport special can in rush hour traffic lights , speed limits, lane divisions and one-way rules apply (for example in Hamburg , the Sierichstraße : it is each one-way street in the load direction , 4am to 12pm towards the city center, 12 to 4 am out of town).

In metropolitan areas , an expansion of the rush hour through the morning or into the evening is observed, as road users try to avoid the daily traffic jam . The longer shop opening times are also noticeable.

In the telecommunications sector, the rush hour according to the ITU-T recommendation is around four hours a day without any further specification. For Germany , it is on weekdays from 9:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. and thus covers a period of two hours.

Off-peak hours

The secondary traffic time (NVZ) represents the traffic time with average or normal traffic volume or passenger volume and corresponding cycles or vehicle use in local public transport. The traffic demand is therefore lower here than at rush hour. Delivery traffic dominates together with the purposes of errands, errands and purchases. The off-peak hours in metropolitan areas start at around 9 a.m. on weekdays and end around 4 p.m., although in most cases this also applies to Saturdays. In rooms with a high level of school traffic, the off-peak hours are interrupted for the lunchtime school trip home.

The NVZ is sometimes also referred to as normal traffic time .

Off-peak hours

The demand for traffic during off- peak hours (SVZ) is low. The travel purposes of leisure , relaxation and living predominate. The off- peak hours usually start after 8 p.m. on weekdays ( often after 9 p.m. due to the extension of shop opening times ) and last until the morning rush hour, on Saturdays outside of off-peak hours and on Sundays and public holidays all day. In large cities with higher demand and a large proportion of tourists, local public transport is used on Sundays and public holidays from noon to evening, just like during off-peak hours.

A distinction is made between early and late traffic within the off-peak hours. Early traffic is offered especially on Sundays and public holidays until the start of normal daytime traffic. A special late-night traffic takes into account the changed traffic demand in the late evening (cultural locations, discos, etc.). In smaller cities in Germany, in contrast to such cities in Switzerland, regular city bus traffic on Sundays often only starts at lunchtime, and collective call taxis (AST) run in the morning .

Sometimes the SVZ is only referred to as late traffic time . In Switzerland the SVZ is usually called Randverkehrzeit (RVZ).

Night time

Examples

In the following, the assignment of the individual traffic times from the local transport plans for the cities of Bottrop and Rostock is shown as an example. The Bottrop local transport plan shows the school trip home at noon as rush hour. The very short morning rush hour in Rostock is striking. Overall, the Bottrop example (apart from rush hour rush hour) corresponds more to the classifications used for the large metropolitan areas.

Time in  h 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14th 15th 16 17th 18th 19th 20th 21st 22nd 23
Bottrop
Mon-Fri SVZ Peak hours NVZ Peak hours NVZ Peak hours NVZ SVZ
Sat SVZ NVZ SVZ
So u. Celebrate. SVZ
Rostock
Mon-Fri Night traffic S. Peak hours NVZ Peak hours NVZ SVZ
Sat Night traffic SVZ
So u. Celebrate. Night traffic SVZ

supporting documents

  1. ↑ Canton of St. Gallen: Ordinance on the Introductory Act to the Federal Railway Act (sGS 713.11) at www.gesetzessammlung.sg.ch
  2. ↑ Canton of Solothurn: 732.4 - Ordinance on the basic offer in regional passenger transport (basic offer regulation) on so.clex.ch
  3. ↑ Lucerne transport company: Neuralgic points in the Lucerne bus network II ( Memento of the original from January 12, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF) on vbl.ch @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.vbl.ch
  4. ↑ Operating times (PDF, p. 53) in the local transport plan of the Hanseatic City of Rostock, December 2005

Web links

Commons : Rush hour  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files