Nuit debout

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Protest in Paris, April 10, 2016
Decorated Statue of Liberty on the Republic Square , Paris, March 2016
Graffito calling for an uprising, Paris, April 2016
Richard Stallman at Hacking debout , Paris, April 17th 2016

Nuit debout ( French [ ˈnɥi ˌdə.bu ], translated in the German press as "The night over (staying) awake", "the night awake, spending upright", also "The upright people of the night") is a social movement that in France since March 31, 2016 on the Place de la République in Paris and other cities in the country protested every evening and the following night against planned changes to labor law . The unions later joined the protests. Commentators have compared the scope of the labor and social law reforms with Agenda 2010 in Germany. The French President Hollande himself spoke of a key part of his term of office that he definitely wanted to implement politically. Given the severity of the protests, however, Prime Minister Valls announced at the end of May 2016 that "improvements" of the planned reforms were possible.

background

In France, almost 3.6 million people were unemployed at the end of October 2015; the unemployment rate was around 10.8%. The government of President Hollande and Prime Minister Valls planned labor law reform with the aim of making job creation easier and stimulating the economy. Among other things, the number of area tariffs should be reduced from 750 to 100. Working hours should be extended and protection against dismissal in employment relationships should be worsened.

There was resistance to this plan. Nuit debout started with a Facebook page; an occupation of the Place de la République was initially planned for three days. The protest was cited by the press in connection with the Occupy movement and the 2010 appeal, Outraged! by Stéphane Hessel and classified with the Indignados movement 2011/2012 in Madrid. Like François Ruffin , Frédéric Lordon was also assigned to the resistance movement as the intellectual head.

The start of Nuit debout was before the start of the European Football Championship 2016 in France, which began on June 10th. Protest events, demonstrations and strikes are traditionally more popular in France than in some other countries in the region.

Course of the protests

The movement originated in Paris , where mostly young people held nightly meetings on Republic Square, where every participant had the right to speak . Many speakers criticized the long-standing high youth unemployment in France (around 25%) and the social imbalance of French society at the expense of young people. Nocturnal meetings were also held in Nice , Marseille and other French cities. At the end of March, 400,000 people took to the streets in France. Similar events were also called in Belgium, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Switzerland and Spain.

On the night of April 14-15 , 2016, riots broke out on the fringes of the Nuit debout in Paris. On April 28, 2016, demonstrations with clashes between police and protesters broke out in several French cities. The occupation of the Republic Square was cleared by the police after six weeks. According to the Interior Ministry , the number of demonstrators across the country fell from 1.2 million to 84,000 between March 31 and May 1.

On May 10, 2016, the Valls government used Article 49 (3) of the French Constitution to pass its labor law reform in the absence of a majority in the National Assembly . The opposition put a motion of no confidence; but this did not receive a majority of the votes.

The CGT union started strikes in May. The CGT chairman Philippe Martinez called on May 24th for a “generalization of the strike, everywhere, in all factories”. From mid-May, petrol ran out in many French cities because truck drivers went on strike to block refineries and fuel stores. The delivery to motorists was often rationed, in some districts the sale in canisters was prohibited. Many petrol stations closed due to a lack of petrol. Even nuclear power plants were on strike. For example, on May 25, 2016, employees at the Nogent-sur-Seine nuclear power plant , the most important power plant for the Paris region, decided to reduce electricity production.

On May 26, 2016, Prime Minister Valls announced “improvements” to the reforms in an interview with the private French news broadcaster BFM TV . The “framework” of the project should be retained.

Since May 2016, participation in the night protests has steadily decreased. In June 2016, only a handful of demonstrators came together for a meeting in Paris who were still discussing the future of the movement.

Since then there have been repeated attempts to revive Nuit debout . In connection with the Fillon affair , there were several protests in February 2017 in the run-up to the 2017 presidential election in France . About 2,500 people took part in one of the larger demonstrations in the aftermath of the movement.

The following important information is missing from this article or section:
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Web links

Commons : Nuit debout  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Paris - riots during protests of the movement "Nuit debout". In: Deutschlandfunk. Archived from the original on April 15, 2016 ; accessed on April 15, 2016 .
  2. ↑ Ursula Welter, Suzanne Krause: Protests in France - The revolution of the youth. In: Deutschlandfunk. April 28, 2016, accessed April 30, 2016 .
  3. ↑ a b Georg Blume: France: The sleepless of Paris . In: The time . ISSN  0044-2070 ( zeit.de [accessed April 14, 2016]).
  4. ↑ Note: Nuit debout , the movement's slogan, combines several meanings: It can mean “sleepless night” because one has so many worries that one cannot sleep; it can also mean “going through the night”; d. H. pursuing a goal full of energy, as well as transmitting "the night in which one (upright) takes a stand".
  5. ↑ N ° 3600 - Projet de loi visant à instituer de nouvelles libertés et de nouvelles protections pour les entreprises et les actifs. In: www.assemblee-nationale.fr. Retrieved April 14, 2016 .
  6. ^ A b Stefan Simons: Blockades and strikes: trade unions fight France's "Agenda 2010". In: SPIEGEL ONLINE. Retrieved May 25, 2016 .
  7. ↑ a b Blockades in France: Vive la grève! In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . May 26, 2016, ISSN  0174-4909 ( faz.net [accessed May 26, 2016]).
  8. ↑ 3.59 million unemployed Record unemployment in France . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . November 27, 2015, ISSN  0174-4909 ( faz.net [accessed April 14, 2016]).
  9. ↑ France This is how Hollande wants to create more jobs . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . January 18, 2016, ISSN  0174-4909 ( faz.net [accessed April 14, 2016]).
  10. ↑ Christian Schubert: France wants to relax labor law for more jobs . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . September 9, 2015, ISSN  0174-4909 ( faz.net [accessed April 14, 2016]).
  11. ^ France: unions block oil imports . In: The time . May 26, 2016, ISSN  0044-2070 ( zeit.de [accessed on May 26, 2016]).
  12. ↑ a b c d Christian Jakob: Out into the garden . (on the beginning of the Nuit debout movement and the status in May 2017), taz of May 4, 2017, p. 13
  13. ↑ Alexandre Devecchio: #NuitDebout - Indignados à la française ou Veilleurs de gauche? In: Le Figaro. Retrieved April 15, 2016 .
  14. ^ Nuit debout à Paris - Myriam El Khomri se dit “attentive à toutes les interpellations” . In: Le Monde.fr . ISSN  1950-6244 ( lemonde.fr [accessed April 15, 2016]).
  15. ↑ Geoffrey Pleyers: The New Political Movement. In: Friday . April 20, 2016, accessed May 5, 2020 .
  16. ^ Süddeutsche.de: Protest culture in France - torn shirts, burning tires, splashing manure. In: Süddeutsche.de. Retrieved April 14, 2016 .
  17. ^ Labor disputes - French protest culture. (No longer available online.) In: www.iwkoeln.de. Archived from the original on April 14, 2016 ; accessed on April 14, 2016 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.iwkoeln.de
  18. ↑ Steffen Richter: International Protests: Who demonstrates where and why . In: The time . ISSN  0044-2070 ( zeit.de [accessed April 14, 2016]).
  19. ↑ Barbara Kostolnik: Hollande in the “Citizens' Dialogue”: The President is struggling. In: tagesschau.de. Retrieved April 15, 2016 .
  20. ^ "Nuit debout" protests in France: Anger is growing. In: SPIEGEL ONLINE. Retrieved April 14, 2016 .
  21. ↑ Villes - NuitDebout. In: wiki.nuit-debout.fr. Retrieved April 22, 2016 .
  22. ^ Protest movement "Nuit Debout" - Hundreds of young people riot in Paris . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . April 15, 2016, ISSN  0174-4909 ( faz.net [accessed April 15, 2016]).
  23. ↑ Manifestations, heurts, interpellations… La contestation de la loi travail continue . In: Le Monde.fr . April 14, 2016, ISSN  1950-6244 ( lemonde.fr [accessed May 24, 2016]).
  24. ↑ Protest against labor market reform: Dozens of demonstrators seriously injured in France. In: SPIEGEL ONLINE. April 28, 2016, accessed April 30, 2016 .
  25. ^ Christian Schubert: Labor law reform: French opposition fails with a vote of no confidence . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . May 12, 2016, ISSN  0174-4909 ( faz.net [accessed May 24, 2016]).
  26. ↑ Michaela Wiegel : Labor dispute in France: The strike gets a mustache . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . May 24, 2016, ISSN  0174-4909 ( faz.net [accessed May 24, 2016]).
  27. ^ France: lack of fuel due to protests . In: The time . May 20, 2016, ISSN  0044-2070 ( zeit.de [accessed on May 25, 2016]).
  28. ^ Rudolf Balmer Grandpuits: France in the stranglehold of the trade unions: Not a drop of gasoline. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung. Retrieved May 25, 2016 .
  29. ^ Stefan Simons: Fight against labor market reform: France on the barricades. In: SPIEGEL ONLINE. Retrieved May 26, 2016 .
  30. ↑ ELISE THIEBAUT: Soleil couchant sur Nuit debout . In: Club de Mediapart . ( mediapart.fr [accessed November 2, 2017]).
  31. ↑ Au rassemblement contre la corruption en politique, le retour de Nuit debout . February 20, 2017 ( parismatch.com [accessed November 2, 2017]).