Obama (genus)

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Obama
Obama burmeisteri, dorsal view, left anterior end

Obama burmeisteri , dorsal view, left anterior end

Systematics
Trunk : Flatworms (Plathelminthes)
Class : Vortex worms (Turbellaria)
Order : Tricladida
Family : Land planarians (Geoplanidae)
Subfamily : Geoplaninae
Genre : Obama
Scientific name
Obama
Carbayo et. al., 2013

Obama is a predatory genus of the land planarians thatis nativeto South America. These include various species that have adapted to human-changed environmental conditions, for example Obama is nungara , a species that is invasive in Europe .

features

A leaf-shaped body is characteristic of the Obama genus . Most species have a body length of about 10 centimeters, some species reach a body length of more than 20 centimeters. They have hundreds of eyes that are spread along the body. The eyes are in two forms: simply lobed, which have a simple, circular structure, and triple lobed.

The copulatory of Obama is a protruding penis that almost the entire male atrium genital , the area of the genital opening occupies.

etymology

Leaf-shaped appearance of Obama ladislavii

The name Obama is derived from the Tupi language that was spoken on the Atlantic coast of Brazil . It is a combination of the words oba ( German leaf ) and ma ( German animal ). This refers to the outer, leaf-like shape.

species

Three individuals of different types of Obama in a petri dish. From top to bottom: O. ladislavii , O. anthropophila and O. nungara

41 species are assigned to the genus Obama :

Systematics

Based on molecular genetic studies of the subfamily of the Geoplaninae, the research team around Cabayo came to the conclusion that the genus Geoplana , which originally comprised more than a hundred species, was polyphyletic . One of the genres delimited by these results is Obama . All species of this genus have the same morphology, for example the leaf-shaped body, a continuously recognizable penile papilla, fallopian tubes that open dorsally into the female genital atrium, and dorsal eyes in two forms: single and triple lobed.

According to the investigations, Obama's sister taxon is the genus Cratera , which has a very similar appearance, but only has single-lobed and no triple-lobed eyes.

Internal system

Morphologically, the genus can be divided into two subgroups depending on the symmetrical or asymmetrical shape of the penile papilla . Ten species belong to the group with an asymmetrical penile papilla ( O. anthropophilla , O. carbayoi , O. carrierei , O. decidualis , O. josefi , O. ladislavii , O. marmorata , O. nungara , O. otavioi and O. ruiva ), these presumably form a monophyletic group within Obama . The group with a symmetrical penile papilla is paraphyletic , indicating a common ancestor within the genus.

The following (incomplete) cladogram shows the relationships of some species within the genus Obama after several molecular genetic studies were carried out.




Obama baptistae


   

Obama Braunsi


   

Obama apeva


   

Obama fucki





   

Obama fryi


   


Obama eudoximariae


   

Obama carinata


   

Obama itatiayana


   

Obama burmeisteri


   

Obama maculipunctata


   

Obama applanata


   

Obama argus sensu Graff, 1899



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Obama argus sensu Schirch, 1929


   

Obama ladislavii


   

Obama nungara


   

Obama otavioi


   

Obama josefi


   

Obama marmorata


   

Obama anthropophila


   

Obama decidualis





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Web links

Commons : Obama (Geoplanidae)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Piter Kehoma Boll, Ana Maria Leal-Zanchet: Preference for different prey Allows the coexistence of several country planarians in areas of the Atlantic Forest . In: Zoology . 119, 2016, ISSN  0944-2006 , pp. 162-168. doi : 10.1016 / j.zool.2016.04.002 .
  2. ↑ a b c Fernando Carbayo, Marta Álvarez-Presas, Hugh D. Jones, Marta Riutort: The true identity of Obama (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) flatworm spreading across Europe . In: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 177, No. 1, 2016, ISSN  0024-4082 , pp. 5-28. doi : 10.1111 / zoj.12358 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f F. Carbayo, M. Álvarez-Presas, CUT Olivares, FPL Marques, EXM Froehlich, M. Riutort: Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: Proposal of taxonomic actions . In: Zoologica Scripta . 42, No. 5, 2013, pp. 508-528. doi : 10.1111 / zsc.12019 .
  4. ↑ a b c Alessandro Marques, Ilana Rossi, Victor Hugo Valiati, Ana Maria Leal-Zanchet: Integrative approach reveals two new species of Obama (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) from the South-Brazilian Atlantic Forest . In: Zootaxa . 4455, No. 1, 2018, ISSN  1175-5334 , pp. 99-126. doi : 10.11646 / zootaxa.4455.1.4 .
  5. ↑ Lisandro Negrete, Rafael Díaz Gira, Francisco Brusa: Two new species of land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplanidae) from protected areas in the southern extreme of the Paranaense Rainforest, Argentina . In: Zoologischer Anzeiger . 279, 2019, ISSN  0044-5231 , pp. 38-51. doi : 10.1016 / j.jcz.2019.01.002 .
  6. ↑ a b Ilana Rossi, Silvana Vargas Amaral, Giovana Gamino Ribeiro, Guilherme Pinto Cauduro, Israel Fick, Victor Hugo Valiati, Ana Maria Leal-Zanchet: Two new Geoplaninae species (Platyhelminthes: Continenticola) from Southern Brazil based on an integrative taxonomic approach . In: Journal of Natural History . 50, No. 13-14, 2015, ISSN  0022-2933 , pp. 787-815. doi : 10.1080 / 00222933.2015.1084057 .
  7. ↑ a b c Fernando Carbayo, Tiago M. Francoy, Gonzalo Giribet: Non-destructive imaging to describe a new species of Obama land planarian (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) . In: Zoologica Scripta . 2016, ISSN  0300-3256 , pp. N / a – n / a. doi : 10.1111 / zsc.12175 .