Upper Harz trenches
The Oberharzer trenches are contour lines parallel art trenches , from the 16th to the 19th century in the upper resin were applied to the power supply water to the silver mines. They are an essential part of the Upper Harz Water Regale cultural monument and are therefore also a UNESCO World Heritage Site .
design type
The trenches consist of the trench and the so-called trench face, which was heaped up from the excavated earth at the trench system. The face of the trench is often protected from erosion with dry stone masonry . The trench face usually serves as a control path for the trench keeper and is often a popular hiking trail today. The trench gradient is usually only 1–2 ‰ (ie 1 to 2 millimeters per meter). The trench route runs almost parallel to the contour line in the terrain.
To protect against seepage, the face of the trench and the bottom of the trench are usually sealed with turf or clay. At the inlets (crossing with torrents) so-called misses, small weir structures, are arranged, at which the water flow in the ditch can also be regulated. In the event of flooding, these must be "pulled" to relieve the ditch, that is, the boards must be removed.
The hydraulic capacity of most trenches is 100 to 200 liters per second; in the Rehberger ditch up to 600 l / s and in the dam ditch up to 1000 l / s.
Operation and maintenance
The trenches must be walked and checked regularly. This is done by trench guards , sometimes also called trenchers . These were originally older, disabled miners who were no longer able to perform underground work. Her work includes regular cleaning of the trenches of leaves, twigs, branches and broken wood. Furthermore, the trenches should be regulated as optimally as possible. The implementation of minor repairs and the removal of sediments are also part of her area of responsibility.
List of the Upper Harz trenches
The Upper Harz trenches are listed below according to the Preussag system , which named the trenches after the power plants that could be supplied. Initially, only the active trenches operated by the Harz waterworks are listed:
| Surname | construction time | length | course |
|---|---|---|---|
| Buried | 1827 | 1,667 m | Derivation of the Abbe east peat house to the dam ditch |
| Flörichshaier Graben | 1827 | 1,311 m | Part of the Oder west. Torfhaus zum Dammgraben |
| Clausthal flood ditch | 1827 | 4,116 m | Derivation from the headwaters of the Sieber and the Sonnenkappe to the dam ditch |
| Nabetaler Graben | before 1720 | 254 m | Introduces the water falling down the Nab Valley waterfall at a suitable point in the dam ditch |
| Ditch | 1732-1827 | 15,409 m | From the Brocken-Bruchberg area to the Upper Hausherzberger pond |
| Morgenbrodstaler Graben | 1715 | 4,111 m | Derivation of the upper reaches of the Söse to the dam ditch |
| Huttaler Graben | 1763 | 1,168 m | Connection of the Huttaler pond (†) to the Huttaler Widerwaage |
| Jägersbleeker trench | 726 m | from the Jägersbleeker pond to the Fortuner watercourse | |
| Dorotheer Kehrradsgraben | 903 m | Hirschler pond to the sweeping wheel (diameter 8.6 m) of the Dorothea pit | |
| Field ditch | 2,112 m | from the southern Clausthal city area to the Mittl. Peacock pond | |
| Kellerhalser Graben | 508 m | Bypassing the Upper Kellerhalsteich | |
| Upper Schalke ditch | 2,721 m | from the southern area of Schalke to Hahnenklee, original length almost 9 km | |
| Lower Schalke ditch | 2,721 m | from the southern area of the Schalke to the Kiefhölzer pond | |
| Zankwieser Grundgraben (also Kahleberger Bruchgraben) | 329 m | From Widerwaage Zankwieser pond to the Kiefhölzer pond | |
| Zellerfelder Kunstgraben | 4,839 m | originally 6.19 km long from Mittl. Kellerhalsteich to Zellerfeld | |
| Wrestler dig | 383 m | from the basic harrow middle. Colliery pond to the Ringer colliery house | |
| Upper Einersberger Graben | 1,250 m | from the basic harrow middle. Zechenteich towards Einersberg | |
| 4. Pochgraben | 991 m | in the Zellerfelder valley, parallel to the Zellbach | |
| Eschenbacher flood ditch | 874 m | from Zellweg (Zellerfeld) to Unt. Eschenbacher pond | |
| Upper Eschenbacher Fallgraben | 350 m | from Unt. Ash wood Pond (above. Fall) to the "Schinderloch" | |
| Lower Eschenbacher Fallgraben | 291 m | from Unt. Ash wood Pond (Unt. Fall) to the Zellbach | |
| Bremerhöher ditch | 1,287 m | from the Schinderloch (Zellbach) to the Rosenhöfer district | |
| Schmidtsgraben | 453 m | Diversion of the Flambach around the two Flambach ponds | |
| Pigeon women dig | 574 m | Eastern feeder ditch for the swamp pond | |
| Laundry trench | 420 m | from the basic harrow middle. Grumbacher pond | |
| Hedge trench | 326 m | Part of the Unteren Rosenhöfer Falls, Pixhaier Mühle area | |
| Harteweger ditch | 1,264 m | Today directs the overflow of the Mittlerer Kellerhalsteich past the Untere Kellerhalsteich and the Untermühle | |
| Grumbacher Graben | 1,145 m | today leads the Grumbach past the Lower Grumbacher pond | |
| Stadtweger Grundgraben | 193 m | from the Stadtweger pond, bypassing the mill pond below | |
| Jungfrauer Graben | 300 m | from the Winterwieser watercourse to the Mittlerer Zechenteich | |
| Elisabether Graben | 300 m | Bypass Unt. Peacock pond, formerly also considered part of the dam ditch | |
| Upper Rosenhöfer case | 1,299 m | Consists of four ditch intermediate pieces between the watercourses of the ORF | |
| Lower Rosenhöfer case | 637 m | four intermediate trenches between the watercourses of the URF | |
| Dig chicken broth | after 1725 | 775 m | Diverting the chicken broth to the Oderteich (western Oderteich) |
| King's Head Trench | after 1725 | 1,467 m | Diversion of several streams of the Königskopf into the Oderteich (from the east) |
| Rehberger Graben | 1699 | 7,211 m | from the base harrow of the Oderteich to Sankt Andreasberg |
| Sonnenberger Graben | before 1600 | 3,619 m | from parts of the Sonnenberg into the Rehberger Graben |
literature
- Walter Knissel , Gerhard Fleisch: “Oberharzer Wasserregal” cultural monument - an epoch-making achievement . 2nd Edition. Paper plane, Clausthal-Zellerfeld 2005, ISBN 3-89720-725-7 .
- Martin Schmidt : The water management of the Upper Harz mining industry . 3. Edition. Harzwasserwerke, Hildesheim 2002, ISBN 3-00-009609-4 (series of publications by the Frontinus Society, issue 13).
- Justus Teicke: The Upper Harz Water Shelf, the most important pre-industrial energy generation and supply system in the world. Harzwasserwerke, Clausthal-Zellerfeld 2011 ( PDF ).
- Martin Schmidt: WasserWanderWege, a guide through the Upper Harz water shelf - world cultural heritage . Ed .: Harzwasserwerke GmbH. 4th edition. Papierflieger Verlag, Clausthal-Zellerfeld 2012, ISBN 978-3-86948-200-2 .
See also
Rammelsberg mine, old town of Goslar and Upper Harz water management
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Justus Teicke: Der Grabenwart - A traditional occupation is continued in "Our Harz. History and stories, culture and nature from the entire Harz", Fischer and Thielbar, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, 3/2016