Higher Regional Court of Poznan

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The Higher Regional Court in Poznan was a higher regional court in the German Empire and during World War II .

history

1879-1919

The Higher Regional Court in Poznan was established on October 1, 1879 on the basis of the Reich Justice Laws. The Higher Regional Court of Posen was formed as one of 13 higher regional courts in Prussia according to the Prussian law regarding the establishment of the higher regional courts and the regional courts of March 4, 1878 . The seat of the court was Poznan . The higher regional court district of Posen comprised the administrative district of Posen and the West Prussian district of Deutsch-Krone in 1879 . It consisted of 7 regional courts with 61 local courts. In 1919 most of the higher regional court district came to Poland. The regional courts of Meseritz and Schneidemühl that remained in the German Reich were added to the Marienwerder Higher Regional Court .

1939-1945

Higher Regional Court Posen / Reichsgau Wartheland (August 1943)

After the invasion of Poland in 1939, the Higher Regional Court was re-established and a Higher Hereditary Health Court was incorporated . The special courts of Hohensalza, Kalisch, Leslau, Litzmannstadt and Posen in the district played a special role in the administration of justice . The higher regional court district of Posen was congruent with the Reichsgau Wartheland . Under Gauleiter Arthur Greiser , the Warthegau was the " parade ground of National Socialism ". The “ Mustergau ” was conceived from the beginning as “ Jew-free ” and “ Poland-free ”. The so-called " German People's List " of October 28, 1939, first introduced in the Reichsgau , determined who was German. With the restrictive application of the criteria in the Warthegau, 93% of the population was excluded. Non-Germans were deported and in special court trials there was "an extensive application of criminal law to the detriment of the 'foreigners'".

"Ordinance of the Reich Governor of Posen on the establishment of a German people's list" of October 28, 1939

The Polish Criminal Ordinance followed on from the classification of the “People's List” and was “ a draconian special criminal law for Poles and Jews [...] which formulates very broad facts and allows the death penalty everywhere ”. The death penalty was "the most frequently recognized punishment in the Reichsgau Wartheland (...)". The courts were instruments of anti-Polish terror and the Polish Criminal Code is therefore an outstanding example of the “ unleashing of Nazi brutality ”. The Chief Public Prosecutor in Leslau Alfons Bengsch (1904–1981) personally directed executions in riding boots and a whip. Unjust judgments are overturned according to the NS AufhG .

The higher regional court existed until January 1945.

Planned so-called German Volkstumsbrücken (settlement planning), d. H. Areas to be populated entirely by German

President of the Higher Regional Court

President of the Higher Regional Court in the Province of Poznan

President of the Higher Regional Court in Reichsgau Wartheland

Nazi literature

  • Roland Freisler : One year of the administration of justice in the Reichsgau Wartheland, DJ , 1940 II, p. 1125.
  • Adolf Tautphaeus (1900–), Vice President: The judge in the Reichsgau Wartheland. In: German Law (DR), Edition A (A), Volume II 1941, p. 2467; DR 1942 (B), p. 6.
  • Helmut Froböß. President: Two years of justice in the Warthegau , DR 1941 (A), p. 2465.
  • Karl Drendel , GStA Posen: From the practice of criminal prosecution in the Warthegau, DR 1941 (A), 2471.
  • Hans Thiemann (1911–) StA SG Posen: Application and further training of German criminal law in the integrated eastern areas, DR 1941 (A), p. 2473.
  • Wilhelm Pungs: The civil administration of justice in the Warthegau. Review and Outlook, DR 1941 (A), 2491.
  • Altmann, head of the Gaurerechtsberatungsstelle Wartheland of the DAF : The development of labor law in Reichsgau Wartheland, DR 1941 (A), 2503.

literature

  • Jan Waszczynski: Z działalności hitlerowskiego Sądu Specjalnego w Łodzi [On the activities of the National Socialist Special Court in Lodz], Głównej Komisji Badania Zbrodni Hitlerowskich w Polsce tom XXIV, Wydawnictwo Prawnicze, Warszawa 1972, p. 14.
  • Jan Waszczynski: Prasa hitlerowska o wyrokach Sondergerichtu (Sądu Specjalnego) w Łodzi [The National Socialist press on the judgments of the »Special Court Litzmannstadt«], In: Rocz. lódz. 19 (1972) p. 67.
  • Holger Schlüter: "... known for humanity in terms of punishment ...": The Litzmannstadt Special Court and its presiding judge . Düsseldorf: Ministry of Justice of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia, 2006.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ GS p. 109.
  2. ^ Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon, Volume 7, Leipzig 1907, on zeno.org
  3. ^ A b Christian Gahlbeck: Archive Guide to the History of East Brandenburg up to 1945 . Verlag Oldenbourg, Oldenburg 2007, p. 338 (restricted preview).
  4. ↑ Hans-Jürgen Bömelburg: The German occupation policy in Poland 1939–1945 , in: Bernhard Chiari (Ed.): The Polish Home Army - History and Myth of the Armia Krajowa since the Second World War , Munich 2003, p. 78 ff.
  5. ↑ Diemut Majer: "Fremdvölkische" in the Third Reich. A contribution to the National Socialist law-making and legal practice in administration and justice with special consideration of the incorporated Eastern Territories and the General Government. Boldt, Boppard am Rhein 1981, ISBN 3-7646-1744-6 ( Writings of the Federal Archives 28), p. 736.
  6. ↑ Discontinuation order of the public prosecutor Bückeburg 3Js 687/78 pol. quoted According to Kramer: Judges in front of the court: The legal processing of the special jurisdiction , in: Helia-Verena Daubach (Ed.): "... zealous servant and protector of law, of National Socialist law ...". National Socialist Special Jurisdiction, Düsseldorf 2007.
  7. ^ Gerhard Werle : Judicial Criminal Law and Political Fight against Crime in the Third Reich, Berlin / New York 1989, pp. 351 ff.
  8. ↑ Helmut Kramer : Judge in front of the court: The legal processing of the special jurisdiction , in: Helia-Verena Daubach, Ministry of Justice NRW (Ed.): "... zealous servant and protector of law, of National Socialist law ...". National Socialist Special Jurisdiction. A conference proceedings. Düsseldorf 2007, p. 121 (“Legal History of North Rhine-Westphalia”, Vol. 15), Nordhausen 2007, p. 152ff. ( PDF ).
  9. ↑ See repeal of a judgment by the Kalisch Special Court: BGH 2 ARs 282/03 - decision of September 10, 2003 [1]

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