Upper Saxon dialects

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Map of the distribution of the Central German dialects. Upper Saxon (No. 8) in dark olive green

The upper Saxon is a part of thüringisch upper Saxon dialect group , in turn, to the East Middle part. It is spoken in Saxony , south-eastern Saxony-Anhalt and the easternmost parts of Thuringia . It is divided into the Osterland and the Meißen .

Upper Saxon borders on Thuringian , East Westphalian , North Upper Saxon -Südmärkisch , Silesian , North Bavarian and East Franconian .

The idiom known colloquially as Saxon is usually not the dialect in the narrower sense, but the region of Saxony.

features

Like many other German dialects, Upper Saxon also has the rounding of Middle High German / ö /, / öː /, / ü /, / üː / and / üe / to / e /, / eː /, / i / and / iː /, so that beese is spoken for “bad” and Biine for “stage”. Also in common with other dialect groups is the monophthonging of original diphthongs , such as Been for “leg” and Boom for “tree”, as well as the inland German weakening of the consonants , such as Kardoffeln for “potatoes” and Babba for “papa”.

In contrast to Thuringian, the infinitive ends in -en and not -e . The apocope , as it is dialectically called balde or in the house, is largely absent , not in the house, as in most other German dialects soon . Regionally, the elevation from Middle High German / eː /, / o / and / oː / to / iː /, / u / and / uː / is a characteristic feature, for example Schnii “snow” and Vulg “people”.

The Upper Saxon vocabulary was collected in the four-volume dictionary of Upper Saxon dialects , which was published between 1994 and 2003 after extensive preparatory work.

Todays situation

As early as 1953, Rudolf Grosse stated in his work on dialect and colloquial language in Meißnisch that the original dialect between Zwickauer Mulde and Elbe had almost died out, so that it was difficult to find sources for the dialect.

According to Beat Siebenhaar , the Upper Saxon dialect - in the sense of a closed language system with clear rules in pronunciation , word formation and syntax - largely died out in the second half of the 19th to the beginning of the 20th century. Since then , the basic dialects have been replaced by regional dialects , which are influenced by East Central German to different degrees depending on the location, region and speaker.

Web links

Test Wikipedia in Upper Saxon

literature

  • Horst Becker, Gunter Bergmann: Saxon dialect customers . Max Niemeyer Verlag, Halle (Saale) 1969.
  • Gunter Bergmann: Upper Saxon. In: Charles V. J. Russ: The Dialects of Modern German. A Linguistic Survey. Routledge, London 1990, ISBN 0-415-00308-3 , pp. 290-312.
  • Rudolf Grosse: Dialect and colloquial language in Meißnisch. In: Journal for Dialect Research. Volume 21.4, 1953, pp. 240-249.
  • Rainer Hünecke, Karlheinz Jakob: The Upper Saxon linguistic landscape in the past and present. Winter, Heidelberg 2012.
  • Werner König : dtv atlas on the German language. 1st edition Munich 1978, since then numerous other and revised editions.
  • Marie Josephine Rocholl: East Central German - a modern regional language? A study of constancy and change in the Thuringian-Upper Saxon language area (= German dialect geography. Volume 118). Olms, Hildesheim / Zurich / New York 2015.
  • Viktor M. Schirmunski : German dialectology. Edited and commented by Larissa Naiditsch. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main 2010. ISBN 978-3-631-59973-0 .
  • Beat Siebenhaar: The Saxon dialect. In: Matthias Donath, André Thieme: Saxon Myths. Edition Leipzig, Leipzig 2011, pp. 91–99. Pre-version online .
  • Beat Siebenhaar: East Central German: Thuringian and Upper Saxon. In: Joachim Herrgen, Jürgen Erich Schmidt (Hrsg.): German: Language and Space. An international handbook of language variation (=  handbooks for linguistics and communication studies. Volume 30/4). de Gruyter, Berlin 2019, ISBN 978-3-11-026129-5 , pp. 407-435.
  • Peter Wiesinger : Phonetic-phonological studies on vowel development in the German dialects (=  Studia Linguistica Germanica. Volumes 2.1 and 2.2). Volumes 1 and 2. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1970.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rudolf Grosse: Dialect and colloquial language in Meißnisch. In: Journal for Dialect Research. Volume 21.4, 1953, p. 240.
  2. ↑ A Leipzig linguist is certain: Saxon dialect is largely extinct ( memento from August 26, 2014 in the Internet Archive ). In: Leipziger Internet Zeitung . February 17, 2011.
  3. ↑ Heidrun Böger: Saxon is dying out. In: New Germany . July 6, 2011 (interview with Beat Siebenhaar).
  4. ^ Marie Josephine Rocholl: East Central German - a modern regional language? A study of constancy and change in the Thuringian-Upper Saxon language area (= German dialect geography. Volume 118). Olms, Hildesheim / Zurich / New York 2015.