Olevik

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Olevik ("present") was an Estonian newspaper that appeared from 1882 to 1915.

Foundation and frequency of publication

The direct cause for the creation of a new newspaper was the split in the national movement into a conservative and a radical wing, which was expressed in the leadership struggles of the Estonian literary society . In 1881, Jakob Hurt left the company after Carl Robert Jakobson was elected President. Jakobson was the radical newspaper since 1878 Publisher Sakala that the more conservative Postimees of Johann Voldemar Jannsen had outstripped. In this situation the conservative or even more moderate forces looked for their own publication option , which led to the establishment of Olevik .

The first number of Olewik (then orthography) appeared on December 23, 1881 jul. / 4th January  1882 greg. This is why the first year is from 1882, but the first edition was still in 1881 due to the Julian calendar that was valid in the Russian Empire , which was part of Estonia. The headquarters of the editorial office was in Tartu , the first editor-in-chief was Ado Grenzstein .

From 1882 to 1889 the newspaper had a literary addition that appeared twice a month. In 1883 there was a one-time humor supplement ("Oleviku naljalisa"). From 1904 the newspaper came out twice a week, from 1914 three times a week. In 1906 the newspaper was closed by order of the governor general, in 1910 it was able to reopen.

The newspaper was state-of-the-art and in some cases also included photos. In 1895 a modern printing press was purchased from Koenig & Bauer . When the newspaper first appeared in January 1882, it had 700 subscribers; in 1887 the number of readers is estimated at 4,000, and in 1898 3,150 copies were printed.

Editorial staff

In addition to Ado Grenzstein, who headed the newspaper until he left Estonia in 1901, numerous literary people worked for Olevik : 1884–1890 Andres Saal was on the editorial staff, 1890–1892 Juhan Liiv ; Karl Eduard Sööt was an accountant and editorial assistant from 1885 to 1893 , and Georg Eduard Luiga and Peeter Speek were also in the editorial team for a short time . Kustas Kotsar was a senior editor from 1898. After Grenzstein's departure, Karl Koppel took over the newspaper, his wife Marie Koppel was editor-in-chief from 1900 to 1905.

Effect and meaning

In the columns of Olevik numerous literary works appeared for the first time, for example Elisabeth Aspes main work, the story "Ennosaare Ain" (1888), or the story Libahunt ("The Werewolf", 1891-1892) by August Kitzberg , which as a preparatory work to his later famous drama of the same name (1912).

The name of the literary group Noor-Eesti can be traced back to Grenzstein, who used it several times in his editorials, and the comparable movement in Finland, Nuori Suomi , got the impetus from Olevik at the time .

From the end of the 1880s Grenzstein strongly supported the Russification policy and in 1891 spoke out against organizing a song festival , for example , because the Estonian people were going under. This attitude ultimately leads to Grenzstein's emigration. Under his successor Marie Koppel, the newspaper became a champion for women's rights.

Secondary literature

  • Anu Pallas: Ado Grenzstein päevalehte püüdmas. Lehekülg XIX sajandi lopu eesti ajakirjandusest, in: Keel ja Kirjandus 5/2018, 382–396.
  • Juhan Peegel et al .: Eesti ajakirjanduse teed ja ristteed. Tartu, Tallinn 1994, pp. 177-195.
  • Friedebert Tuglas : Ado Grenzsteini lahkumine. Päätükid meie ajakirjanduse ja tsensuuri ajaloost. Tartu: Noor-Eesti kirjastus 1926. 229 pp.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cornelius Hasselblatt: History of Estonian Literature. From the beginning to the present. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter 2006, p. 282.
  2. ↑ Juhan Peegel et al .: Eesti ajakirjanduse teed ja ristteed. Tartu, Tallinn 1994, p. 179.
  3. ^ First number in the Estonian newspaper archive DIGAR
  4. ↑ Juhan Peegel et al .: Eesti ajakirjanduse teed ja ristteed. Tartu, Tallinn 1994, p. 179.
  5. ↑ peace Tuglas: Kirjandusloolisi pisivesteid III, in: Keel yes Kirjandus 11/1961, S. 664th
  6. ↑ Juhan Peegel et al .: Eesti ajakirjanduse teed ja ristteed. Tartu, Tallinn 1994, p. 185.