Yellow Ragwort
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Yellow Ragwort ( Ophrys lutea subsp. Lutea ) |
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| Ophrys lutea | ||||||||||||
| ( Gouan ) Cav. |
The Yellow Orchid ( Ophrys lutea ) is a kind from the kind of Ragwurzen ( Ophrys ) of the family of orchids (Orchidaceae). The species was newly and validly described in 1793 by the Spanish botanist Antonio José Cavanilles , after it had been determined in 1765 by the French botany professor Antoine Gouan (1733-1821) as Ophrys insectifera var. Lutea (Basionym). This older name is considered a synonym today.
features
This perennial herbaceous plant usually reaches heights of between 10 and 25 cm; but one has already found specimens that were 40 cm high. One or two scale-like leaves are found at the base of the stem . Three to six leaves form a base rosette.
The lower bracts are slightly longer than the ovaries . The sepals are yellow-green in color. The bare lateral petals also show this color. However, they are often slightly wavy at the edge. The lip is three-lobed and dark to black-purple in the middle.
Location
One finds this plant type in sparse forests, garrigues , on poor grassland and former cultivated land with base-rich and mostly calcareous soils.
Subspecies
Ophrys lutea subsp. lutea
The inflorescence of this subspecies usually has one to four flowers, but sometimes there are specimens with up to 6 flowers. The sepals are between 11 and 13 and the lateral petals between 7 and 8 mm long. The bald lip edge is bright yellow and is up to 6 mm wide. The flowering period should be set between February and May. The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36. Ophrys lutea subsp. lutea mainly in the meridional zones of the Mediterranean area up to an altitude of 1800 meters above sea level. Andrena cineraria and Andrena senecionis were observed as pollinators .
Galilee orchid ( Ophrys lutea subsp. Galilee )
In Ophrys lutea subsp. galilaea (H.Fleischm. & Bornm.) Soó can be found on one inflorescence with two to six but sometimes up to nine flowers. The sepals are between 7 and 10 mm long and the lateral petals between 4.5 and 7.5 mm long. The lip edge is bright greenish-yellow and between one and three mm wide. The lip is often lightly haired. This subspecies blooms from January to June and is found in Israel, Lebanon, Turkey and on islands in the Aegean Sea up to an altitude of 1100 meters above sea level. Andrena taraxaci was observed as a pollinator .
Ophrys lutea subsp. melena
Ophrys lutea subsp. melena Renz , the dark-lipped ragwort, sees the Ophrys lutea subsp. very similar to galilaea . Only the lip edge is bald or darkly haired and has no or only a narrow yellow border. You can see the flowers from March to April. The distribution area extends over the southern Balkan Peninsula to southern Albania . This orchid can be found in the mountains up to 1,300 meters above sea level. Andrena transitoria was observed as a pollinator .
Ophrys lutea subsp. murbeckii
The distribution area of Murbecks Orchid ( Ophrys lutea subsp. Murbeckii (H.Fleischm.) Soó ) includes Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Sicily, Spain and France. It thrives at altitudes between 0 and 800 meters above sea level. The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36.
More subspecies
One can distinguish further subspecies:
- Monte Lauro Ragwort ( Ophrys lutea subsp. Laurensis (Geniez & Melki) Kreutz ): It is endemic to Monte Lauro in Sicily, where this subspecies occurs at altitudes between 850 and 960 meters above sea level.
- Small-flowered yellow ragwort ( Ophrys lutea subsp. Minor (Tod.) O.Danesch & E. Danesch ex Gölz & HRReinhard , Syn .: Ophrys sicula Tineo ): It occurs in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Sicily, Malta, in southern Italy and on Dalmatian islands and maybe further east. It grows at altitudes between 0 and 1600 meters above sea level. Andrena hesperia and Andrena taraxaci were observed as pollinators .
- Phrygana Ragwort ( Ophrys lutea subsp. Phryganae (Devillers-Tersch. & Devillers) Melki ): It occurs in Greece and in south-western Turkey at altitudes between 0 and 900 meters above sea level. Andrena panurgimorpha was observed as a pollinator .
literature
- Karl-Peter Buttler : Orchids. The wild growing species and subspecies of Europe, the Middle East and North Africa (= Steinbach's natural guide. 15). Mosaik, Munich 1986, ISBN 3-570-04403-3 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Ophrys lutea at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Helmut Baumann , Siegfried Künkele and Richard Lorenz: Orchids of Europe with adjacent areas . Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, 2006. ISBN 978-3-8001-4162-3 . Pages 174–176.
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Ophrys lutea. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 26, 2016.
