Osram courtyards

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Osramhöfe, Seestraße 64 (previously: number 32) / Oudenarder Straße 16-20 / Groninger Straße 25-27 / Liebenwalder Straße 21

The Osram Höfe are a listed building ensemble in the Berlin district of Wedding . The first incandescent lamps were produced in Germany on the former factory site of Bergmann Electricitäts-Werke Aktiengesellschaft in 1904 . From 1935, the site was Osram GmbH's plant B (Bergmann) and was expanded into one of the largest incandescent lamp plants in Europe. After the company had relocated large parts of its production to Nonnendammallee in Spandau , the commercial center on Seestrasse was given the name "Forum und Carrée Seestrasse", although the term "Osram-Höfe" was retained in the vernacular. The buildings were bought in 1997 by THG-Immobilien-Verwaltung, who converted them into offices and shops for a three-digit million sum. Today the site operates under the name “Carrée Seestraße”.

history

After Sigmund Bergmann invented the first light bulb in the United States in 1879 together with Thomas Alva Edison , they were an "epoch-making sensation" at the 1881 Paris Electricity Exhibition . In this context, Bergmann visited Germany for the first time 16 years after emigrating to the USA. With the establishment of the German Empire , industry and trade were experiencing a strong boom and in Berlin, the native Thuringian recognized the potential of the still young, but well-developing electrical industry thanks to Werner von Siemens .

With the strong growth of Bergmann's operation in the USA, Edward H. Johnson first joined the company in April 1881 and Edison in September 1882, which was now called S. Bergmann & Company . When Edison decided in 1889 to merge all the companies in his now dispersed empire into the Edison General Electric Company , Bergmann sold his shares and returned to Germany . With the proceeds from the shares he founded the open trading company (oHG) Sigmund Bergmann & Co. on Fennstrasse in Berlin-Moabit in 1891 , with which he initially manufactured items similar to those last seen in New York. As early as 1893 the company was converted into a stock corporation and was then named Bergmann Electricitäts-Werke Aktien-Gesellschaft . From 1904 he manufactured the Bergmann metal filament lamp . Since the previous company premises in Moabit had become too small, he began building new systems in the same year on the area of ​​today's Osram Höfe. The incandescent lamp factory consisted of several storey factories, which were built in different construction phases between 1904 and 1910, but with their yellow clinker cladding offer a uniform appearance. As early as 1910, the factory had a daily output of 16,000 metal filament lamps. This made Bergmann's company one of the largest employers in the district. 5,500 people worked here at weddings. Further buildings were added from 1912 to 1914.

Warschauer Strasse station in Berlin-Friedrichshain with Osram-Werk D (wire works) in the background (1930)

The incandescent production belonged before the First World War to the growing fastest areas of the electrical industry. For this development, the tungsten lamp since 1905 produced added with a filament of tungsten in for their distribution Carl Auer von Welsbach, the fancy name OSRAM created a portmanteau of Os mium and Wolf ram that the two because of its high melting point of about 3000 or 3400 degrees refers to metals used for filament. On 10 March 1906, the reported German Gasglühlicht-Anstalt , the trademark "incandescent and arc lamps Electric" at the former OSRAM for the goods Imperial Patent Office in Berlin on. In November 1918, Deutsche Gasglühlicht AG spun off its light bulb business into OSRAM GmbH KG , based in the Berlin district of Friedrichshain (today's " Oberbaum City "). After the loss of foreign markets as a result of the First World War, it made sense for the three leading German light bulb manufacturers AEG , Siemens & Halske (S&H) and Deutsche Gasglühlicht to bundle their common interests. The first financial year and the establishment of the company were set retrospectively to July 1, 1919.

In addition to the main plant in Berlin-Friedrichshain, Osram owned the two plants of S & H and AEG in Helmholtzstrasse in Charlottenburg (Plant S; Siemens) and Sickingenstrasse in Moabit (Plant A; AEG). The glass bulbs were later largely produced in Weißwasser / Oberlausitz (Plant W). The “Lamp City”, the main factory in Friedrichshain, became Osram-Werk D (wire factory) and was the company's headquarters until 1945. In 1935 Osram finally took over the Bergmann Electricitäts-Werke factory (Plant B; Bergmann). In 1936 and 1937 the factory was expanded again.

Clock tower with stopped clock

After a large part of the lamp production was relocated to Siemensstadt in 1988, the production of incandescent lamps in the Osram courtyards ended. After production was discontinued, the systems were given the status of monument protection by the State of Berlin and the “Carrée Seestraße GbR” took over the building. The management was initially in the hands of the trust real estate company, which renovated the buildings, then they fell to the real estate company Engel & Völkers . Today over 3000 people work here in around 60 different companies and institutions, including food discounters, the Beuth University of Applied Sciences in Berlin , training centers and police section 35.

The factory buildings fit into the surrounding residential area by taking up the street and eaves height of the apartment buildings. At Oudenarder Strasse, Groninger Strasse and Liebenwalder Strasse they form a closed block edge . The five-story factory buildings from the turn of the century, designed by Hermann Enders , have a simple, production-oriented structure. The steel frame construction made it possible to build production rooms with few columns and large windows. With the brick cladding, the architect created a uniform and appealing exterior. Other architects involved were Richard Schirop (building 32, completed in 1910) and the government master builder Waldemar Pattri (1920 and 1937). Between 1912 and 1914 Bergmann also had an administration and laboratory building designed by Schirop built (building 31).

Web links

Commons : Osram-Höfe  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • OsramHöfe. In: luise-berlin.de. Berliner Bezirkslexikon, October 7, 2009, accessed on August 28, 2016 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Monument database. In: stadtentwicklung.berlin.de. Senate Department for Urban Development and the Environment, accessed on August 27, 2016 .
  2. ^ A b David Wagner: The education castle. Der Tagesspiegel , August 8, 2015, accessed on August 27, 2016 .
  3. ↑ a b c d Dilek Güngör: Germany's first incandescent lamps were produced on the former factory site: New companies and shops in the Osramhöfe. Berliner Zeitung , November 9, 1999, accessed on August 27, 2016 .
  4. ↑ Company history | Company | OSRAM. Osram, archived from the original on April 19, 2016 ; accessed on August 27, 2016 .
  5. ↑ Osram Höfe. In: berliner-stadtplan.com. Retrieved August 27, 2016 .
  6. ^ Police in the districts Directorate 3 - Section 35. In: berlin.de. The police chief in Berlin, accessed on August 31, 2016 .
  7. ↑ Pattri, W., Government Builder . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1890, part 1, p. 898 (SW, Ritterstrasse 41).

Coordinates: 52 ° 33 ′ 9.7 "  N , 13 ° 21 ′ 39.8"  E