PLM 241 A
| PLM 241 A | |
|---|---|
 Locomotive after the conversion to the 241 E, around 1938
|
|
| Numbering: | 241 A 1-145 |
| Number: | 145 locomotives |
| Manufacturer: | cutter |
| Year of construction (s): | 1925-1931 |
| Type : | 2'D1 '4hv |
| Gauge : | 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) |
| Length over buffers: | 16,450 mm |
| Height: | 4,260 mm |
| Width: | 3,100 mm |
| Fixed wheelbase: | 5,850 mm |
| Total wheelbase: | 13,100 mm |
| Empty mass: | 104 t |
| Service mass: | 116 t |
| Service mass with tender: | 185 t |
| Friction mass: | 74 t |
| Wheel set mass : | 18.5 t |
| Top speed: | 110 km / h |
| Driving wheel diameter: | 1,790 mm |
| Impeller diameter front: | 1,000 mm |
| Rear wheel diameter: | 1,360 mm |
| HD cylinder diameter: | 510 mm |
| LP cylinder diameter: | 720 mm |
| Piston stroke: | HD: 650 mm ND: 700 mm |
| Boiler overpressure: | 16 bar |
| Grate area: | 5.00 m² |
| Superheater area : | 86.55 m² |
| Evaporation heating surface: | 246.16 m² |
| Water supply: | 30 m³ |
| Fuel supply: | 7 tons of coal |
| Locomotive brake: | Westinghouse air brake |
The steam locomotives of the class 241 A were quadruple coupled express train locomotives of the Compagnie des chemins de fer de Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée (PLM). They came into use from 1925 in a number of 145 copies. After the nationalization of the PLM in 1938, the locomotives were purchased from the National Société des chemins de fer français (SNCF) under the designation 5-241 A continued. The 241 A were next to the number 241 of the Chemin de Fer de l'Est to the first mountain locomotives in Europe.
development
At the beginning of the 1920s it became clear that the triple-coupled Pacific locomotives previously used at PLM were not able to cope with the increasing train weights. Especially on the section between Laroche-Migennes and Blaisy-Bas of the Paris-Lyon racetrack with a gradient of 320 meters in altitude over a length of 133 kilometers, the locomotives reached their performance limits. PLM wanted to counter these obstacles by using four-way coupled locomotives.
Based on the 241 A, PLM constructed further prototypes of Mountain locomotives in the following years. The 241 C 1 was used, based on the experience of 241 A as the basis for the series 241 P SNCF.
Performance
The new machines were able to move an 809-ton train at a speed of 83 km / h on the 101-kilometer section between Laroche-Migennes and Venarey-les-Laumes (near Montbard ) with a height difference of 150 meters. For the immediately following steep ramp to Blaisy-Bas with an altitude difference of around 180 meters over 31 kilometers, the average speed was 76.3 km / h.
construction
Typical of the locomotives is the bogie protruding far forward with a deflection of 61 millimeters on both sides. The driving axles are fixed in the frame. The tires on the two central drive axles are 21 millimeters less than the outer ones. The rear Bissel axle has a deflection of 96 millimeters, which means that the locomotive is able to negotiate curve radii of 150 meters.
The suspension of the drive axles are arranged below, those of the Bissel axle above the axle bearings . The two high-pressure cylinders are inclined within the frame between the rear axle of the bogie and the first coupling axle and drive the second coupling axle. The two low-pressure cylinders are located on both sides of the bogie and drive the first axle. The bogie at the front made it possible to have sufficiently long connecting rods . The counter cranks are clamped onto the pins of the second drive axle. High and low pressure valves have an internal flow. American-style circulation valves were used for pressure equalization.
The cauldron also showed American influence. Despite the presence of a combustion chamber, the smoke chamber is still around three meters long. The long bowl consists of two sections ; the back cup is conical and carries the dome with a two-seat valve regulator. Two pop valves are installed behind the dome. The ceiling of the standing boiler is inclined forward.
The locomotives were braked by Westinghouse air brakes , which acted on all axles with the exception of the Bissel axle. The air required for this was fed in via a double composite air pump.
The usual PLM construction with 30 cubic meters of water and seven tons of coal capacity was used as the tender. With the tender, the locomotives had a total length of over 25 meters with a service weight of 185 tons.
literature
- Chronicle of the Railway . HEEL Verlag, Königswinter 2005, ISBN 3-89880-413-5 , p. 250 f .
- Marcel Chavy, Maurice Maillet, André Gibert: Les "Mountains" Françaises, ISBN 2-908816-05-9 , Les Editions du Cabri, Breil-sur-Roya 1992