Pachylister inaequalis
| Pachylister inaequalis | ||||||||||||
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Pachylister inaequalis among cow dung |
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| Pachylister inaequalis | ||||||||||||
| ( Olivier , 1789) |
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| Fig. 1: Section of the underside | Fig. 2: Front rail with tarse |
| In Fig. 1 and 2, the end spikes of the front rail broken off | |
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| Fig. 3: Head | Fig. 4: side view |
Pachylister inaequalis is a beetle fromthe Stutz beetle family . In the genus name Pachylister , the name of the genus Hister has been modified to "-l-ister" and expanded with the addition "Pachy-" (from ancient Greek παχύς "pachýs") for "thick". The species is the largest Central European "hister". The beetle is also noticeable for its unusually large upper jaw, which is unevenly long in the male. The species name inaequalis ( Latin for "unequal")alludesto this. The beetle hunts other insects on the dung of various animals.
Characteristics of the beetle
The slightly arched, round beetle reaches a length of nine to fifteen millimeters. The heavily chitinized body is black, the top is hairless and shiny.
The head (Fig. 3) can be partially drawn into the front part of the chest. The mouthparts point forward. The upper jaws are unusually large and relatively little curved. In the male, the left upper jaw is significantly longer than the right and, when the upper jaw is closed, it overlaps the right upper jaw at the tip. The forehead is laterally ridge-shaped. The eleven-part antennae are deflected under this side edge between the eyes and the base of the upper jaw. The curved, club-shaped and black base member is followed by a reddish-brown flagella, which ends in a four-membered round flattened and greatly broadened antennae lobe.
The glossy black pronotum widens in a fairly straight line from the front edge to the base. It is edged and usually only has a pronotum strip. On the underside of the pronotum there are shallow pits in the front corners, in which the antenna lobe comes to rest when the head is retracted (Fig. 1). The front chest is widened like a keel towards the front. This throat plate is separated from the rest of the fore-chest by a transverse line and covers the base of the mouthparts from below when the head is retracted. It has no antennae. The lateral edge and base of the pronotum are clearly bordered. The beetle does not have protruding hair under the side edge. The base of the pronotum is angularly enlarged in front of the shield.
The wing covers make the last two abdominal segments, and Pygidium Propygidium, uncovered. The latter are both sparsely dotted . The first strip of the back, which begins on the inside next to the short oblique shoulder line, first runs outwards, then it kinks and runs inwards. The following three back stripes run roughly in the direction of the body axis. Between the third back strip and the wing cover seam, further back strips can be indicated in the rear half of the wing covers. However, they can also be extinguished, as can the third shoulder strip.
The front legs are designed as grave legs. The very wide front rails have three teeth on the outer edge. There are two thorns on the inside. In addition, the upper side of the anterior splint has a straight furrow, which is sharply delimited towards the inside, to accommodate the tarsus (Fig. 2). The four rear rails have spiked bristles rather than teeth. All tarsi are five-part.
biology
The beetle is mainly found under cow dung. The stenotopic species is bound to the droppings of grazing cattle (cow, horse, sheep). Beetles and larvae predatory feed on other insects. They are involved in a complex network of food relationships between coprophages , predatory and parasitic coprophilic insects. For example, imagines by the strong chitinisierte exoskeleton against the predatory often present in cow dung and other excreta large Rove protected. On the other hand, they are able to bite and eat smaller dung beetles with their strong upper jaws . Fly larvae make up the majority of the larval diet.
distribution
The beetle is common throughout southern and southeastern Europe from Portugal to southern European Russia. In the north, it is absent in the British Isles , Scandinavia , Finland , the Baltic States and the rest of European Russia. To the east, parts of Asia ( Siberia , Iran , Mongolia , Tajikistan , Turkey , Turkmenistan ) are still settled. Within Central Europe, the species is distributed to the south and south-east.
literature
- Heinz Joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse: The beetles of Central Europe . tape 3 . Adephaga 2 - Staphylinoidea 1. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1971, ISBN 3-87263-015-6 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Pachylister inaequalis at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved October 11, 2012
- ↑ a b Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (genus)
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names (species)
- ↑ K. Koch: The Beetles of Central Europe. Ecology Vol. I Goecke & Evers Krefeld 1989
- ↑ Psarev AM: К ИЗУЧЕНИЮ НАПРАВЛЕННОСТИ И НАПРЯЖЕННОСТИ ТРОФИЧЕСКИХ СВЯЗЕЙ В СООБЩЕСТВАХ КОПРОФИЛЬНЫХ НАСЕКОМЫХ (STUDYING OF THE ORIENTATION AND INTENSITY OF CONNECTIONS IN trophic EWG COPROFILOUS OF INSECTS) БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ (Biological Sciences) УДК 591.5: 591.53: 595.7 PDF
- ↑ Sinan Anlaş, Tomáš Lackner & Serdar Tezcan: A cow dung investigation on Histeridae (Coleoptera) with a new record for Turkey. Baltic J. Coleopterol. 7 (2) 2007 pp. 157-163. ISSN 1407-8619 as PDF
