Paleosiberian peoples
Paleo-Siberian peoples denotes ethnicities and population groups whose ancestors were speakers of the genetically unrelated Paleo-Siberian languages or whose members still use these languages in part. The names Paläosibirier , Altsibirier or Paläoasiaten can, by extension, to all in North Asia ( Siberia ), past and present living humans are related, are not the great Eurasian voice or "families of nations" ( Turkic , Mongolian or Tungus peoples can be assigned). The adjective paleosiberian also denotes archaeological cultures of North Asia that cannot be assigned.
Areas and peoples
Some ethnologists summarize the term “Palaeo-Siberia” as a cultural area in order to distinguish the hunters and gatherers who originally lived there from the reindeer herding cultures of North Asia.
Today there are three settlement areas (areas) of the Paleo-Siberian peoples. Most of them live in the far northeast of Asia , in the region around the Kolyma River and on the Chukotka and Kamchatka Peninsulas (Area 1). Other areas are the mouth of the Amur and the Sakhalin Island (area 2) as well as the region around the central Yenisei (area 3).
Jukagiren and Tschuwanen
In the west of Area 1, live the Jukagirs (see also: Yukagir languages ). Jukagir-speaking ethnic groups, according to some views, used to live further south and west, for example on the Taimyr peninsula . The Chuwans living all over Northeast Asia represent a mixed population with indigenous, partly Yukagir roots. They speak Russian .
Chukchi-Kamchdalen
The main indigenous population of Area 1 are the ethnic groups who speak the Chukchi-Kamchadal languages . It is the
This also includes the Aliutoren and Kereken , who are linguistically and culturally located between Chukchi and Koryaks. The Kamchadals form a mixed population that goes back to early Russian settlers and southern Itelmens.
Niwchen and Keten
The Niwchen (Giljaks) live at the mouth of the Amur and on the island of Sakhalin (Area 2). See also: Nivkh language .
The Kets , which also include the youth, are the last descendants of several ethnic groups (Kotten, Ariner and others) in the central and southern part of Siberia (Area 3). See also: Yenisian languages
Other ethnicities
Ainu , Aleutians and Eskimos are occasionally also counted among the Paleosiberians. Since the former live mainly in Japan , but the latter predominantly in North America ( Alaska , Canada , Greenland ), this is actually not correct.
Population figures 2010
The following population figures were determined in the 2010 census:
| ethnicities | number |
|---|---|
| Itelmenen | 3,193 |
| Jukagiren | 1,603 |
| Kamchadals | 1.927 |
| Kereken | 4th |
| Keten | 1,219 |
| Boys | 1 |
| Koryaks | 7,953 |
| Niwchen | 4,652 |
| Chuvans | 1.002 |
| Chukchi | 15,908 |
The aljutors are not listed in the census results, only the number of speakers of their aljutoric language : 25.
See also: List of Small Indigenous Peoples of Russia
history
Since prehistoric times, Siberia has been an area with considerable cultural and ethno-linguistic dynamism. The pre-Columbian waves of colonization in America started from here. Already in the pre-colonial era of Siberia, the area of the Paleosiberians shrank considerably. However, they left traces of language and culture. Several ethnic groups and languages died out in the 18th and 19th centuries. Their descendants are now part of other peoples or mixed with Russian-speaking old settlers ( Sibirjaks ).
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ National composition of the population of Russia 2010, accessed on November 21, 2018 (PDF on gks.ru).
- ↑ Language skills of the population of Russia 2010 , accessed on November 21, 2018 (PDF on gks.ru).