Pallenis
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Stinging star eye ( Pallenis spinosa ) |
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Pallenis is a plant genus in the family of the daisy family (Asteraceae). The six or so species are mainly found in the Mediterranean region.
description
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Vegetative characteristics
Pallenis species are subshrubs or perennial or annual herbaceous plants . The independently upright to prostrate shoot axes are irregular or shamrock branched and softly hairy.
The alternately arranged stem leaves are sessile and encompass half the stem. The simple, entire leaf blade is spatulate to elongated and at the upper end rounded to pointed with a spike tip.
Generative characteristics
The cup-shaped inflorescences are terminal individually. The shell is broadly bell-shaped to broadly cup-shaped. The bracts are roof tiles in one to three circles. The outer bracts are leaf-like with a leathery, straw-colored base, protruding, spatulate, narrowly elongated or lanceolate, with entire margins with a rounded to pointed upper end, which has a prickly or piercing thorn tip. The basket base is flat to concave. The chaff leaves are membranous, keeled and enclose the tubular flowers. In the flower heads there are ray and tubular flowers (= disc flowers).
The ray-florets are female and yellow and stand upright or spread out in one to three rows. The triangular flower tube is slightly hairy. The tongue is three-lobed, oblong to obovate; Staminodes are very small or absent. The stylus is cylindrical and forked. Their densely hairy achenes are either lenticular or obovate, yellowish to brownish in outline and contain crystal sand in the epidermis . The pappus is made up of tiny, irregular scales.
The tubular flowers are hermaphroditic and divided into a tube and a hem. The flower tube is brownish and almost cylindrical. The hem is yellow, similarly five-lobed. The anthers are narrow, elongated, arrow-shaped at the base. The stylus is cylindrical and forked. Their achenes are yellowish to brownish, irregular triangular to square to almost cylindrical and often somewhat compressed. The pappus consists of dark brown to colorless, crown-like, free, tapered to irregularly serrated scales.
All Pallenis species have low chromosome base numbers , either x = 5 or x = 6.
Systematics, botanical history and distribution
The genus Pallenis was established in 1822 by Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini in Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles , 2nd edition, 23, page 566. Type species is Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass.
The genus Pallenis belongs to the tribe Inuleae and includes six species. Your systematic history is extremely intricate. Wiklund typified the genus Asteriscus with Pallenis spinosa in the 1980s , so that all species of the genus Pallenis had to be renamed to Asteriscus , while the species of the current genus Asteriscus were put to Bubonium or Nauplius . Based on an earlier and therefore valid typification of the genus Asteriscus with Asteriscus aquaticus , Werner Greuter separated the genus Pallenis from Asteriscus .
Molecular biological studies confirmed the independence of the genus Pallenis as early as 2002 and demonstrated its monophyly . The closest related genus is Asteriscus .
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Pallenis species are common in deserts and coastal zones around the Mediterranean and the Middle East, where it is common. The center of diversity is in North Africa.
The genus Pallenis can be divided into two sub-genera and contains about six species:
- Subgenus Pallenis :
- Pallenis cuspidata Pomel : Homeland Maghreb (Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco).
- Pallenis cyrenaica Alavi : Homeland Libya .
- Stinging star eye ( Pallenis spinosa (L.) Cass. ): It is common in the Mediterranean area.
- Pallenis teknensis (Dobignard & Jacquemoud) Greuter & Jury : Home Morocco .
- Subgenus Saulcya (Michon) Greuter
- Pallenis hierichuntica (Michon) Greuter :: It iswidespreadin North Africa and the Middle East - mostly written " Pallenis hierochuntica ".
- Coastal beach star ( Pallenis maritima (L.) Greuter ): It is widespread in the Mediterranean region east to Greece.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Annette Wiklund: The genus Asteriscus (Asteraceae-Inuleae). In: Nordic Journal of Botany. Volume 5, No. 4, 1985, pp. 299-314, DOI: 10.1111 / j.1756-1051.1985.tb01658.x (as Asteriscus ).
- ↑ a b c Leslie R. Goertzen, Javier Francisco-Ortega, Arnoldo Santos-Guerra, Jeffrey P. Mower, C. Randal Linder, Robert K. Jansen: Molecular Systematics of the Asteriscus Alliance (Asteraceae: Inuleae) II: Combined Nuclear and Chloroplast Data In: Systematic Botany. Volume 27, No. 4, 2002, pp. 815-823, abstract.
- ↑ a b c d Werner Greuter: Save Asteriscus, sink Nauplius (Compositae) In: Flora Mediterranea. Volume 7, 1997, pp. 41-48, PDF file .
- ↑ a b c d Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Med Checklist. A critical inventory of vascular plants of the circum-Mediterranean countries . Vol. 2: Dicotyledones (Compositae) . Organization for the Phyto-Taxonomic Investigation of the Mediterranean Area (OPTIMA), Genève 2008, ISBN 978-2-8279-0011-4 , pp. 549-550 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g Werner Greuter: Compositae (pro parte majore) : Pallenis. In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2006–2009.
- ↑ Ch. Aurich, Dieter Podlech: To the structure of Asteriscus spinosus (L.) Schultz Bip. sensu lato (Compositae). In: Communications from the Botanical State Collection, Munich. Volume 28, 1989, pp. 239-296, digitized .
- ↑ Herwig Teppner: The correct name of Asteriscus hierichunticus (Asteraceae: Inuleae), a "False Rose of Jericho". In: Phyton (horn). Volume 35, No. 1, 1995, pp. 79-82, PDF file .
