Pamboiotia

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The Pamboioitia ( ancient Greek Παμβοιώτια ) were in ancient Greece a festival in honor of the goddess Athena Itonia which annually named after him months Pamboiotios in a sanctuary near the Boeotian city Koroneia was committed.

Although the evidence of the Pamboiotia started late compared to other festivals, it was assumed that it was a traditional festival. Strabon reports on the establishment of the sanctuary and the festival in mythical prehistoric times, when the Boeotians first settled the landscape after the Trojan War . It is certain that with the establishment of the Boeotian League in the 6th century BC BC also an all-Boeotian festival must have been established. Whether it was called from the beginning Pamboiotia or original as the other of Athena Itonia celebrated festivals in Thessaly Itonia was called, is unclear. The feasts of Athena Itonia in Arkesine and Minoa on Amorgos were probably introduced there by Boeotian and Thessalian settlers.

Little is known about the religious significance of the festival; it seems to be primarily a political festival. At the center of the festival were Agones , which were essentially only open to participants from the Boeotian Pole and which had a more military character. Inscriptions speak of a victim unspecifically and in literature there are contradicting indications that Zeus or Hades were worshiped in addition to Athena Itonia . In the literature, the festival is otherwise only mentioned by Polybios and Plutarch . Polybius repeatedly names a Nikostratus who broke the peace that had prevailed during the festival, and in Plutarch's rendering of the Kallirrhoë myth, the festival serves as the occasion when Kallirrhoë proclaims the names of their suitors who killed their father Phokos . The Pamboiotia are documented many times in writing, mostly it is about the agone. From a list of winners from the 1st century BC. BC shows. That applied at the time of the disciplines competing trumpeter, Herold , Dromos , diaulos and the torch relay , which does not even open to Böotien from coming teams were. There were also competitions for boys and hipsters. The military character of the festival is evident from the fact that, according to an inscription from the 3rd century BC, Chr. Delegations of different Boeotian Poleis competed against each other separately according to type of weapon. In a further inscription the names of the superiors are mentioned in front of the teams, the competitions mentioned here seem to be competitions in different branches of the Ephebe .

literature

Remarks

  1. ↑ a b Strabo 9, 2.
  2. Jump up ↑ Ludwig: Pamboiotia. In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume XVIII, 3, Stuttgart 1949, Col. 288 f.
  3. ↑ Martin Persson Nilsson : Greek festivals of religious importance excluding the Attic. Teubner, Leipzig 1906. Reprint Teubner, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-519-07254-8 , p. 89. ( digitized version )
  4. ↑ IG VII, 3172.
  5. ↑ Pausanias 9, 34, 1.
  6. ↑ Polybios 4, 3, 5 & 9, 34, 11.
  7. ↑ Plutarch, Amatorius 4.
  8. ↑ IG VII, 2871.
  9. ↑ IG VII, 3087.
  10. ^ SEG III, 355.