Pandanus tectorius
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Pandanus tectorius |
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Pandanus tectorius is a species of the screw trees ( Pandanus ) in the family of the screw tree plants (Pandanaceae). The first description by Sydney C. Parkinson was published in 1773. A synonym of innumerable is Pandanus veitchii .
The species is widespread on the tropical islands of the Pacific, among other things, it is the only species of the diverse genus Pandanus that is considered native to Hawaii . In Hawaii the tree is called Hala .
description
Pandanus tectorius is an evergreen tree with a trunk up to 6 meters, sometimes up to 10 meters. It develops a widely spreading crown with a diameter of about 5 to 12 meters. It forms stilt roots with which it increases its stability.
The linear and sword-shaped, helically arranged leaves are 90–150 cm long and 5–7 cm wide. The leaves are sharp-edged and armed with thorns on the edge . But there are also cultivated forms without thorn reinforcement.
Pandanus tectorius is dioecious ( diocesan ). On male trees, large, creamy white bracts form clusters with a multitude of small, fragrant male flowers. On female trees, 20 to 30 cm pineapple-like and orange-red fruit associations form ; more precisely stone fruit associations , because they are composed of multi-seeded and wedge-shaped, faceted individual stone fruits and these are edible.
There are also differences between male and female specimens when it comes to trunk wood: Male specimens have a hard, lignified tissue over the entire cross-section; in female trunks, only the outer areas are hard woody, while the center is soft and fibrous. Once these soft parts were removed, these logs were previously used as water pipes.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 60 or 70.
Pandanus tectorius
Immature fruit cluster
Ripe fruit association
.JPG)
distribution
The home of Pandanus tectorius extends from northern Australia and Indonesia over large parts of the island world of the Pacific to Hawaii . The original range is not known; it is believed that the Polynesians spread the species as a cultivated plant. It is believed that the original range is between the Philippines and the islands in the Pacific.
Today the species is also in culture in other parts of the world, such as India , Sri Lanka , Myanmar and the Philippines .
use
In Hawai'i, the male flower is called hīnano , from the bracts of which very fine mats are made ( moena hīnano or ʻahu hīnano ).
The leaves are used as a spice in some dishes such as kaya ; they should also be medically effective. The leaves were previously used to cover roofs, among other things; today they are still processed into various wickerwork. Blankets, fans, sandals, baskets etc. were and are made from narrow strips of leaf (in Hawaii: Lauhala ), especially for tourists today.
The edible fruit dressings are only enjoyed cooked. The seeds are also edible, as are the flower buds and flowers.
A fragrant liquid is distilled from the flowers (Kewra) and is used to flavor desserts and drinks.
literature
- P. Schütt, U. Lang: Pandanus tectorius. In: Peter Schütt et al .: Trees of the Tropics. Nikol, Hamburg 2006, ISBN 978-3-933203-79-3 , pp. 473-477.
- Brief description at Hawaiian Native Plant Propagation Database .
Web links
- Pictures at hear.org.
- Pandanus tectorius at Useful Tropical Plants.
Individual evidence
- ↑ The publication by Sydney C. Parkinson in J. voy. South Seas 46 from 1773 is not generally accepted ( Pandanus tectorius on the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.).
- ↑ Useful Tropical Plants.
- ↑ a b c d See Hawaiian Native Plant Propagation Database
- ↑ P. Schütt, U. Lang: Pandanus tinctorius , 2006, p. 476.
- ^ Pandanus tectorius at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Pandanus tectorius. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved June 25, 2018.
- ↑ Hinano in Hawaiian Dictionaries