Pardaliscidae

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Pardaliscidae
Pardalisca cuspidata

Pardalisca cuspidata

Systematics
Sub-stem : Crustaceans (Crustacea)
Class : Higher crabs (Malacostraca)
Superordinate : Satchel Shrimp (Peracarida)
Order : Flea crabs (Amphipoda)
Subordination : Gammaridea
Family : Pardaliscidae
Scientific name
Pardaliscidae
Boeck , 1871

The pardaliscidae are a family within the order of amphipods (amphipods). The representatives of the family occupy ecological niches of the marine habitats, including the deepest parts of the world's oceans, the abyssal and hadal of the deep sea .

features

The species of the family Pardaliscidae resemble other representatives of the suborder Gammaridea by their elongated and laterally flattened physique. Depending on the species, they are 0.8 to 5.6 centimeters long. A gender difference can be seen in the shape of the first antennae, which are much larger in the males than in the females.

Most genera do not have eyes because they have no optical perception in the lightless deep sea or in sea caves. In many species, the males develop a sensory organ provided with chemoreceptors on the first antennae, which is called callynophore . Since in most cases it only occurs in sexually mature males, it is believed that it can be used to search for females. In some genera of the Pardaliscidae, however, both sexes have callynophores. With this they could perceive food or, in the case of a semi-parasitic lifestyle, host animals.

In contrast to the related families Stilipedidae and Iphimediidae, the coxes are usually very short. The rostrum is well developed. Some species such as Parahalice mirabilis are characterized by the reduction of the mandibular palpus and the partial reduction of the maxillary foot. The subchela of Peraeopods III to VII is well developed for this. These features, which can also be found in some Lysianassidae , indicate a semi-parasitic way of life. The subchelate peraeopods serve to cling to the host animals.

Way of life

Little is known about the way of life of the deep sea forms. Two types of submarine hydrothermal vents have been described. Halice hesmonectes occurs in swarms on hydrothermal fields along the Pacific Ridge. It is assumed that this swarm formation has less to do with mating and reproduction than with the acquisition of food, for which chemosynthetic bacteria at the cold springs provide the energetic basis.

Systematics and taxonomy

The family Pardaliscidae was first described by Axel Boeck in his work Crustacea amphipoda borealia et arctica, published in 1871 in Oslo in Latin . As a type he chose from Henrik Nikolai Krøyer in 1842 under the North Atlantic between Greenland and Spitsbergen amphipod described Pardalisca cuspidata . He also added the genus Nicippe described by Magnus Ragnar Bruzelius in 1859 to the family with the species Nicippe tumida and described the new genus Halice with Halice abyssi .

Research history

The first genera and species of Pardaliscidae were described in the 19th century from the fjords and coastal waters of Norway , where they occur at great depths. From this time names originate with the epithet abyssi , for example Pardalisca abyssi Boeck, 1871 from the North Sea before Haugesund and Halice abyssi Boeck, 1871 from the Hardanger Fjord .

During one of the first deep-sea expeditions, the Challenger Expedition from 1872 to 1876, another species of amphipods from the Pardaliscidae family was discovered in the South Pacific off Chile, Pardaliscoides tenellus . When exploring the deep-sea trenches , new species were repeatedly described. Flea crabs from samples from the Galathea expedition, which measured the Philippines and Kermadec trenches in 1951 , could also be assigned to the Pardaliscidae. Two new species were described by Erik Dahl as Princaxelia abyssalis (from a depth of up to 8300 meters in the Kermadec Trench ) and Pardaliscoides longicaudatus (from a depth of up to 10,000 meters in the Philippinengraben). The genus Parahalice with the type species Parahalice mirabilis comes from the pelagic region of the Indian Ocean . It was discovered during an expedition on the Russian research vessel Vityas .

In the 21st century, new discoveries come from the Antarctic or the Japan Trench .

Genera

The family comprises 22 genera with 73 species:

As of August 15, 2015

  • Pardisynopia Barnard, 1961 was synonymous with Halicoides Walker, 1896 . Synopioides Stebbing, 1888 was merged with the genus Halice Boeck, 1871.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c J. A. Birstein & ME Vinogradov: Notes on the family Pardaliscidae (Amphipoda) with the description of a new genus . Crustaceana, 3, 4, pp. 249-258, 1962 doi : 10.1163 / 156854062X00490
  2. ↑ JK Lowry: The callynophore, a eucaridan / peracaridan sensory organ prevalent among the amphipods (Crustacea) . Zoologica Scripta, 15, 4, pp. 333-349, October 1986 abstract
  3. ↑ M. Sheader, CL Van Dover & TM Shank: Structure and function of Halice hesmonectes (Amphipoda: Pardaliscidae) swarms from hydrothermal vents in the eastern Pacific. Marine Biology, 136, 5, pp. 901-911, June 2000
  4. ↑ a b Axel Boeck: Crustacea amphipoda borealia et arctica. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania for 1870, pp. 83-280, 1871, pp. 150-153
  5. ^ TRR Stebbing: Report on the amphipoda collected by HMS Challenger during the years 1873–1876. In: Report on the Scientific results of the Voyage of HMS Challenger during the years 1873-76. Zoology, 29, pp. 1-1737, 1888
  6. ↑ Erik Dahl: Amphipods from depths exceeding 6000 meters. Galathea Report, 1, pp. 211-241, 1959
  7. ^ Tapati Biswas, Charles Oliver Coleman, Ed A. Hendrycks: Andeepia ingridae a new genus and species of Pardaliscidae (Crustacea, Amphipoda) from the Antarctic deep-sea and short redescription of Nicippe unidentata KH Barnard, 1932. Zootaxa, 1977, p. 21-38, 2009
  8. ↑ Anne-Nina Lörz: Trench treasures: the genus Princaxelia (pardaliscidae, amphipods). Zool. baetica, 21, pp. 65-84, 2010
  9. ↑ Claude De Broyer & T. Horton: Pardaliscidae . In: T. Horton, J. Lowry & Claude De Broyer: World Amphipoda Database , World Register of Marine Species, 2015, accessed August 20, 2015
  10. ↑ Anne-Nina Lörz & Kareen Schnabel: A new amphipod Nicippe rogeri sp. nov. (Crustacea, Pardaliscidae) from New Zealand's deep sea. Zootaxa, 3995, 1, pp. 84-90, August 2015 doi : 10.11646 / zootaxa.3995.1.11

literature

  • Axel Boeck: Crustacea amphipoda borealia et arctica. Forhandlinger i Videnskabs-Selskabet i Christiania for 1870, pp. 83–280, 1871 (first description)
  • HG Andres: Nicippe buchi, n. Sp., A Pardaliscide from a lava tunnel on Lanzarote (Amphipoda, Crustacea). Messages from the Hamburg Zoological Museum and Institute, 72, 91–95, 1975
  • KH Barnard: Amphipoda . Discovery Report, 5, 1-326, 1932
  • JL Barnard: Gammaridean Amphipoda from depths of 400 to 6000 meters. Galathea Report, 5, 23-128, 1961
  • TRR Stebbing: Report on the amphipoda collected by HMS Challenger during the years 1873-1876. In: Report on the Scientific results of the Voyage of HMS Challenger during the years 1873-76. Zoology, 29, pp. 1-1737, 1888

Web links

  • Claude De Broyer, Mark Costello & Denise Bellan-Santini: Pardaliscidae . In: T. Horton, J. Lowry & Claude De Broyer: World Amphipoda Database , World Register of Marine Species, 2013-2015, accessed August 20, 2015