Parictis
| Parictis | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Temporal occurrence | ||||||||||||
| Eocene to Oligocene | ||||||||||||
| 38 to 33 million years | ||||||||||||
| Locations | ||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Parictis | ||||||||||||
| Scott , 1893 | ||||||||||||
Parictis is an extinct genus of canine predators (Canoidea) and the oldest known representative in the line of development of the bears (Ursidae). Compared to recent bears, he was small, his skull measured seven centimeters and he weighed about two kilograms. It had a bear-like dentition with the exception of the missing M3 , robust premolars and broad, relatively flat molars with large furrows. Parictis appearedin North America about 38 million years ago in the late Eocene and was a close relative of the Amphicynodontinae . There are speculations that Parictis immigratedfrom Asia to North Americaduring the sea level depression 37 million yearsago, as the evolutionary development from the Amphicynodontinae to the Hemicyoninae in Asia isattributed to Cephalogale and Ursavus . But so far no Parictis fossils have been found in East Asia . Parictis reached Eurasia and Africa , but not before the Miocene .
Parictis was first scientifically described in 1893 by William Berryman Scott using cheek and jaw bones from the John Day Fossil Beds in Oregon . Its systematic position within the Canoidea is, however, not clearly clarified because of the still insufficient fossil record.
Known species
- P. dakotensis Clark, 1936
- P. Gilpini Clark & Guensburg, 1972
- P. major Clark & Guensburg, 1972
- P. montanus Clark & Guensburg, 1972
- P. parvus Clark & Beerbower, 1967
- P. personi Chaffee, 1954
- P. primaevus , Scott, 1893
Formerly classified under Parictis
- P. bathygenus White 1947 is no longer considered a Parictis species, but is now assigned to the genus Cynelos within the Amphicyonidae ("bear dogs").
Individual evidence
- ↑ RM Hunt Jr .: Ursidae . In: CM Janis, KM Scott, LL Jacobs (Eds.), Cambridge University Press (Eds.): Evolution of Tertial Mammals of North America . 1, 1998, pp. 174-195.
- ^ KD Rose .: The Beginning of the Age of Mammals . Oxford University Press, 2005.
- ↑ TS Kemp: The Origin and Evolution of Mammals . Oxford University Press, 2005.
- ^ ER Hall: Description of a new mustelid from the later Tertiary of Oregon, with assigment of Parictis primaevus to the Canidae . In: Journal of Mammalogy . 12, 1931, pp. 156-158.
- ↑ (Erdbrink 1953, Kurten 1966, Mitchell and Tedford 1973, Thenius 1979) Bruce McLellan, David C. Reiner: A review of bear evolution . In: James J. Claar et al. (Ed.): Bears: Their Biology and Management: Ninth International Conference on Bear Research and Management . International Association for Bear Research and Management, 1994, ISBN 978-0-944740-04-0 , pp. 85-96.
- ^ The Illustrated Encyclopedia Of North American Mammals from MobileReference
- ^ WB Scott: On a new Musteline from the John Day Miocene . In: The American Naturalist . 27, 1893, pp. 658-659.
- ↑ J. Clark, TE Guensburg: Arctoid genetic characters as related to the genus Parictis . In: Fieldiana (ed.): Geology . 26, 1972.
- ↑ RF Chafee: Campylocynodon personi , a new Oligocene carnivore from the Beaver Divide, Wyoming . In: Journal of Paleontology . 28, No. 1, 1954, pp. 43-46.
- ^ Stanley J. Olsen: Some problematical carnivores from the Florida Miocene . In: Journal of Paleontology . 32, No. 3, 1958, pp. 595-602.
- ^ Richard H. Tedford, David Frailey: Review of some Carnivora (Mammalia) from the Thomas Farm local fauna (Hemingfordian, Gilchrist County, Florida) . In: American Museum of Natural History (Ed.): American Museum novitates . 2610, New York, 1976, p. 9.
Web links
- On a new Musteline from the John Day Miocene . First description of the genus