Patiala (State)

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Patiala
1627-1948
Flag of Patiala
Patiala coat of arms
flag coat of arms
Capital Patiala
Form of government Princely State (19 rounds salute)
surface 15,389 km²
population 1,900,000 (1941)
founding 1627
resolution August 20, 1948
State religion: Sikhism
Dynasty: Sidhu Jat ( Phul )
Map of Patiala
Map of Patiala
Letter from the Patiala Post (1905)
Letter from the Patiala Post (1905)
Amar Singh († 1781)
Amar Singh († 1781)
Bhupinder Singh (October 2, 1891– March 23, 1938)

Patiala was the largest of the Sikh - princely states in the then to Punjab associated foothills of the Himalayas in British India .

history

The founder of the state, Ala Singh, was captured during the battle near the then capital Barnala , which was destroyed during the sacking, and had to pay Ahmad Shah Durrani 400,000 Rs ransom. After the destruction of Sarhand, he built the new capital, Patiala . In 1762 he received the title of Raja . In 1763 the Federation of Sikhs divided the province of Sirhind among themselves. Amar Singh (1765–81) was elevated to Raja Bahadur in 1767 , and at the same time he received a flag and drum as a sign of sovereignty.

His successor Amar Singh received the title Raja-e Rajgan from Ahmad Shah and expanded the principality through conquests. Sahib Singh sought British protection in the fight against the Sikh Maharaja of Punjab Ranjit Singh . Emperor Akbar II conferred the title of Maharajas on a British recommendation in 1810. Patiala was then 1809-1947 British protectorate .

The principality consisted of several separate areas and in 1941 had an area of ​​15,389 km² and 1.9 million inhabitants. The Maharaja joined the Patiala and East Punjab States Union ( PEPSU ) on July 15, 1948, and joined India on August 20, 1948. Maharajadhiraja Sir Yavendra Singhji Mahendra Bahadur was Rajpramukh (Head of State) of PEPSU. On November 1, 1956, all princely states were dissolved and PEPSU part of the state of Punjab . The southern part with Narnaul came to the state of Haryana in 1966 .

Patiala had its own state post from 1884 to 1950; Due to the postal convention with the British-Indian Post , British-Indian postage stamps with the country's name were used.

Family tree of the dynasty

The dynasty descends from the royal Rajputs, whose forefather is Jaisal, the founder of Jaisalmer , and his descendant Sidhu ( Sidhu Jat -Klan) also to the progenitor of the dynasties of the states Faridkot , Atari , Kaithal , Gumbha , Sidhuwal and Aranauli (hence the entire eastern Punjab) is. The ruling families of several princely states come from the house of the Phul.

Phul († 1652), his sons (* = main heir) :

1st generation
  1. Thiloka, whose eldest son Gurditta was the founder of the house of Nabha , the descendants of the younger Sukchen ruled Jind (h)
  2. * Rama
  3. Raghu
  4. Chanu
  5. Jhandu
  6. Thakat Mal

the three youngest together form the progenitors of the houses of Laudgharia.

2nd generation
  1. Dunar, progenitor of the Lords of Bhadaur
  2. Subha, whose son Jodh remained without descendants
  3. * Ala Singh († 1765; ruled from 1752)
  4. Bakhta became the progenitor of the rulers of Malod
  5. Budha
  6. Ladha
3rd generation
  1. * Sardul Singh († 1753)
  2. Bhumian Singh († 1742)
  3. Lal Singh († 1748)
4th generation
  1. Himat Singh († 1774)
  2. * Amar Singh († 1781)
5th generation
  1. Budh Singh
  2. * Sahib Singh († 1813). British protectorate from 1809.
6th generation
  1. * Karam Singh (ruled from 1823, † 1848 [? 1845]). Territorial gains after the Nepal War: parts of the states of Keothal and Baghat. 1845/46 parts of Nabha
  2. Jit (without descendants)
7th generation
  1. * Narindar Singh († 1862). Territory gains after 1857, also feudal lord over Bhadaur
  2. Dip Singh († 1862)
8 generation
  1. * Mohindar Singh († 1876, 23 years old)
9th generation
  1. * Rajindar Singh (1872–1900; ruled from 1890), married. with a daughter of Sardar Kishan Singh in Nov. 1888
  2. Kanwar Ranbir Singh (* 1873); mated with a daughter of Sardar Lahna Singh 1889
10th generation
  1. * Bhupinder Singh (October 2, 1891– March 23, 1938; = Bhupendra Singh), Chancellor of the Chamber of Princes 1926–31. As a ruler, the eminent cricketer fit the cliché of an eccentric Maharajas. He was married at least ten times and had several concubines. The main wife was Kaur Sahiba (1892–1960) since 1908.
  2. Of his estimated 88 children, at least 53 survived him.
11th generation
  1. * Yadavindra Singh (1913–1974; reg. 23.03.1938–05.05.1948), June 1947 briefly Chancellor of the Chamber of Princes. 1948–31.10.1956 Rajpramukh from Patiala and East Punjab States Union.
  2. Bhalindra Singh

Yadavindra's son, Amarinder Singh (* 1948) was Chief Minister of Punjab from 2002-07 . The Moti Bagh Palace, which received a siding for his private train under Bhupinder Singh, is now a museum.

literature

  • William Barton: The princes of India. With a Chapter on Nepal. Nisbet, London 1934, (Reprinted edition. Cosmo, New Delhi 1983).
  • Andreas Birken : Philatelic Atlas of British India. CD-ROM. Birken, Hamburg 2004.
  • George B. Malleson: An historical sketch of the native states of India. Longmans, Green & Co., London 1875, ( digitized version ).
  • Patiāla State. In: The Imperial Gazetteer of India. Volume 20: Pārdi to Pusad. New Edition. Clarendon Press, Oxford 1908, pp. 31-50 .
  • Joseph E. Schwartzberg (Ed.): A historical atlas of South Asia (= Association for Asian Studies. Reference Series. 2). 2nd impression, with additional material. Oxford University Press, New York NY et al. 1992, ISBN 0-19-506869-6 .

Web links

Commons : Principality of Patiala  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ cf. [: en: Phulkian Dynasty]
  2. ^ Roper Lethbridge: The Golden Book of India. A Genealogical and Biographical Dictionary of the Ruling Princes, Chiefs, Nobles, and other Personages, titled or decorated of the Indian Empire. Macmillan and Co., London 1893, p. 412 .
  3. ^ Section after: Charles Francis Massy: Chiefs and Families of Note in the Delhi, Jalandhar, Peshawar and Derajat Divisions of the Panjab. Pioneer Press, Allahabad 1890, p. 9 ff.
  4. ↑ [: en: Bhupinder Singh of Patiala]
  5. ↑ cf. [: en: Yadavindra Singh]
  6. ↑ cf. [: en: Moti Bagh Palace]