Patriarchy (jewish)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Jewish patriarchate existed in Palestine until AD 415 .

The beginning of the office is controversial in research. The traditional view assumes that the nasi (patriarchs) existed before the destruction of the Jerusalem temple in 70 AD and that they ensured religious continuity in the period afterwards. This is supported by some rabbinical scriptures in which this title is applied to Hillel and the Zugot . More recent research, however, assumes that this evidence is editorial in nature and projects the later rabbinical view into the past. The designation of Hillels as nasi should rather be seen as an honorary title, the office of patriarch did not exist until the second century.

history

Hillel's grave around 1900

After the Jerusalem temple and Jerusalem were destroyed by the Romans after the Jewish war in 70 , Rabbi Jochanan ben Sakkai received permission from the Roman masters to move the seat of the Sanhedrin to Jawne ; at the same time a Jewish school was built there. With the temple destroyed, the high council was no longer presided over by the high priest but by a patriarch ; at the same time the former opposition , the Pharisee group , took over the leadership of the congregation.

The council remained in Jawne until the revolt of Bar Kochba in 135; afterwards the school was destroyed, the Sanhedrin met a few years later for some time in Usha in Galilee . From this time a large Jewish burial town in Bet She'arim remained , in which the patriarch Yehuda ha-Nasi (the "prince") was buried. At 166 the Sanhedrin finally took its seat in Tiberias . The chairman remained the most important spiritual authority of the Jews in the country and in the diaspora for the following centuries before the office of patriarch was abolished in 429 by the Roman emperor.

Gamaliel I was the first to be referred to with the honorary title "Rabban", which then served as the title of all patriarchs.

The patriarchs

  1. Hillel (30 BC - 9 AD)
  2. Simeon I. (? –9)
  3. Gamaliel I. (~ 20- ~ 50)
  4. Simeon II (~ 10–70)
  5. Gamaliel II (80-110)
  6. Simeon III. (~ 135–165)
  7. Yehuda ha-Nasi (Judah I) (165–217)
  8. Gamaliel III. (217– ~ 235)
  9. Judah II. (~ 235-250)
  10. Gamaliel IV. (~ 250-265)
  11. Judah III. (265-330)
  12. Hillel II (330-365)
  13. Gamaliel V (365-380)
  14. Judah IV (380-400)
  15. Gamaliel VI. (400-415)

Theodosius II ended the Palestinian Patriarchate in 415.

literature

  • Martin Jacobs: The Institution of the Jewish Patriarch. A source- and tradition-critical study on the history of the Jews in late antiquity. Mohr, Tübingen 1995, ISBN 3-16-146503-2 ( texts and studies on ancient Judaism 52), (also: Berlin, Freie Univ., Diss., 1994).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Martin Jacobs : The Institution of the Jewish Patriarch. P.99ff
  2. ^ Art. Rabban. In: Isidore Singer (Ed.): Jewish Encyclopedia . Funk and Wagnalls, New York 1901–1906 ..