Paul Schanz

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Paul von Schanz

Paul Schanz , from 1900 von Schanz , (born March 4, 1841 in Horb am Neckar ; † June 1, 1905 in Tübingen ) was a Catholic theologian , professor of mathematics , natural sciences , New Testament exegesis , dogmatics and apologetics .

life and work

After attending the Latin school and passing the state examination, Paul Schanz went through the educational path of candidates for priesthood in Württemberg. From 1857 to 1861 he attended the Königliche Gymnasium and the Niedere Konvikt in Rottweil and after his Matura was accepted into the Höhere Konvikt, the Wilhelmsstift in Tübingen, where he was a member of the Herzynia theological society . 1861–65 he studied philology, philosophy and Catholic theology at the Württemberg State University of Tübingen . This training was followed by the one-year seminary in Rottenburg am Neckar .

After he was ordained priest in 1866, Schanz became vicar in Schramberg . During this time he received his doctorate from the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Tübingen with a thesis on the history of religion. In 1867 he became a repetiteur at the Wilhelmstift. In addition to dogmatics, he was responsible for repeating the natural science subjects. In 1869 he took the realistic professorial exam. A year later (1870) he embarked on a scientific journey that took him to Paris and Berlin. In Berlin, Schanz studied at the Friedrich Wilhelms University .

Shortly after his return he was appointed high school professor for mathematics and natural sciences at the Rottweiler high school. Although Schanz was considered a scientist, in 1876 he was appointed successor to Moritz von Aberle and thus university professor for the New Testament in Tübingen. This was not only due to the fact that he had been the best graduate of the faculty for several years, but also to the trust of the faculty "in the suitability of its own graduates and the familiarity with their not only professional skills, but also with their ecclesiastical views". With his appointment as professor, Schanz received the Dr. theol. awarded. Every two years he wrote his four commentaries on the Gospels, which, according to the New Testament scholar Josef Schmid (1883–1975), were "the most important exegetical achievement in Catholic theology of the nineteenth century".

In 1883, Schanz changed teaching positions within the faculty. As successor to Johannes von Kuhn , he received the professorship for dogmatics, to which the teaching position for apologetics was added at his own request. The most important work from this period is the three-volume Apology of Christianity , through which Schanz became internationally known.

His astonishing knowledge in the fields of philology, history, natural sciences, exegesis and dogmatics made it understandable that as an apologist he dealt with the pressing scientific questions of his time, above all the compatibility of the theory of evolution and the doctrine of creation and between the history of religion and the doctrine of faith. In the last years of his life, Schanz professed a scholarly historicism that discovered science itself in dealing with the history of science. Although Schanz was considered rather conservative, he nevertheless turned affirmatively to the work of Protestant theologians and Catholic reformers of his time. In addition to Joseph Müller, Albert Ehrhard and Alfred Loisy, he also received the Catholic religious philosopher Maurice Blondel , whose work he made known to German readers for the first time.

Awards

In 1900 Paul Schanz was awarded the Cross of Honor of the Order of the Württemberg Crown , which was associated with the personal title of nobility ( ennoblement ).

Works (selection)

  • Cardinal Nicolaus von Cusa as a mathematician . In: Program of the Royal. High school in Rottweil 1871–72. Rottweil 1872, pp. 1-32. Digitized Univ. Heidelberg
  • The Christian worldview in relation to the modern natural sciences , Tübingen 1876.
  • Galileo Galilei and his trial. According to the latest research , Würzburg 1878.
  • Commentar on the Gospel of St. Matthäus , Freiburg / Br. 1879.
  • Commentar on the Gospel of St. Marcus , Freiburg / Br. 1881.
  • Commentar on the Gospel of St. Lucas , Tübingen 1883.
  • Commentar on the Gospel of St. Johannes , Tübingen 1885.
  • Apology of Christianity: Volume 1. God and Nature , Freiburg / Br. 1887 (4th ed. 1910); Volume 2. God and Revelation , Freiburg / Br. 1888 (3rd ed. 1905); Volume 3. Christ and the Church , Freiburg / Br. 1888 (3rd edition 1906).
  • The teaching of St. Sacraments of the Catholic Church , Freiburg / Br. 1893.
  • The age of the human race. According to the Holy Scriptures, the secular history and the prehistory , Freiburg / Br. 1896
  • About new attempts in apologetics against naturalism and spiritualism , Regensburg 1897.
  • Is theology a science? , Stuttgart-Vienna 1900.
  • The modern apologetics , Hamm i. W. 1903.

literature

  • Heinrich Fries: Paul von Schanz (1841–1905) , in: Ders./Georg Schwaiger (ed.), Catholic theologians of Germany in the 19th century. Volume 3, Munich 1975, 190-214.
  • Anton Koch: In memory of Paul v. Schanz , in: Theologische Viertelschrift 88 (1906), 102–123.
  • Raimund Lachner:  Schanz, Paul (von). In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 8, Bautz, Herzberg 1994, ISBN 3-88309-053-0 , Sp. 1589-1593.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Markus Thurau: Paul von Schanz (1841–1905). On the social and theological history of a Catholic theologian in the long 19th century (Contubernium 80), Stuttgart 2013.
  • Markus Thurau: Paul von Schanz (1841–1905). Catholic exegesis after the First Vatican Council , in: Matthias Blum / Rainer Kampling (eds.), Between Catholic Enlightenment and Ultramontanism. New Testament exegetes of the Catholic School of Tübingen in the 19th century and their significance for biblical studies (Contubernium 79), Stuttgart 2012, 197–228.
  • Otto Weiß:  Schanz, Paul von. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2 , p. 560 f. ( Digitized version ).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Markus Thurau, Paul von Schanz (1841-1905). Catholic exegesis after the First Vatican Council , in: Matthias Blum / Rainer Kampling (eds.), Between Catholic Enlightenment and Ultramontanism. New Testament exegetes of the Catholic School of Tübingen in the 19th century and their significance for biblical studies, Stuttgart 2012, 197–228.
  2. ^ Paul Schanz, University and Technical College. Speech given at the academic award ceremony at the University of Tübingen on November 6, 1899 , Stuttgart 1899, 4.
  3. ↑ Court and State Manual of the Kingdom of Württemberg 1901, page 36.
personal data
SURNAME Schanz, Paul
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schanz, Paul von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Roman Catholic theologian and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH March 4, 1841
PLACE OF BIRTH Horb am Neckar
DATE OF DEATH June 1, 1905
Place of death Tübingen