Reform Catholicism
Under reform Catholicism is different currents understands the Catholicism that the Roman Catholic Church wanted to reform, but always in contrast to the Reformation and revolutionary aspirations. The focus was always on the removal of Catholicism from a cultural ghetto, be it as a result of a culture war between church and state or as a result of a split in the church. This implies strong ecumenical tendencies, but also harbors the risk of manipulation by political groups and movements.
Specifically, it is understood in Catholic theology to be the reform Catholic movement around Herman Schell , Franz Xaver Kraus , Albert Ehrhard and Josef Müller (1855–1942). In the age of anti-modernism in the Roman Catholic Church, this tendency was excluded as modernist by representatives of an integralist Catholicism ; individual works by Herman Schell were listed on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum . It was not until the Second Vatican Council that the work of these authors and their successors (including Wilhelm Koch , Joseph Wittig , Philipp Funk , Joseph Bernhart ) was largely rehabilitated.
The Reform Catholic magazine was initially the magazine Hochland published by Carl Muth , but especially since 1901 the magazine Renaissance , published by Josef Müller, as well as the Freie Deutsche Blätter: weekly for politics, science and art , published in Augsburg since 1901 by Johannes Bumüller , later by Franz Klasen , and finally by Philipp Funk . From 1909 to 1914 the magazine appeared under the title Das Neue Jahrhundert with the subtitle Zeitschrift der Deutschen Modernisten .
The French reform Catholicism is the magazines Correspondant , Quinzaine , Demain and by the movement Le Sillon of Marc Sangnier represents.
In Italy, the circle around the magazine Il Rinnovamento , founded in 1907, as well as the magazines La Cultura sociale and Rivista di Cultura are considered reform Catholic. Inspirations there came from Bishop Geremia Bonomelli of Cremona and Romolo Murri .
literature
- Josef Müller: Reform Catholicism, the religion of the future for the educated of all denominations , 1899
- Josef Müller: Reform Catholicism in the Middle Ages and at the time of religious schism , 1901
- Hermann Scholz: What can we expect from Reform Catholicism? , 1903
- Roman arrogance also in Reform Catholicism, 1903
- Wilhelm Braun: Cardinal Gasparo Contarini or “Reform Catholicism” of our days in the light of history , 1903
- Johann Schraml: Sturzwellen, the fundamental wave and harmonics of Reform Catholicism , 1905
- Franz Xaver Heiner: Confessional intellectual struggle and reform Catholicism on the basis of the competition "A word on denominational peace" (Preuss. Yearbooks 1905, May issue, vol. 120.2), 1906
- Emil Jung: Radical Reform Catholicism. Foundations of a German Catholic Church , 1906; 1934/35
- Joseph Moog: Old Catholicism and Reform Catholicism. Five documents on contemporary church history . Edited by the Old Catholic Press and Writings Association. Bonn 1908 (in it a statement by the Krausgesellschaft on a declaration of the 7th International Old Catholic Congress in The Hague, 1907)
- Johannes O. Andersen: Reform Catholicism and the Danish Reformation , 1934
- Reform Catholicism? One answer to the book: Catholicism. His death and becoming . Reprint of the magazine Theologie und Glaube (year 1938, issue 2) with the assistance of Bernhard Bartmann , Karl Pieper , Paul Simon and others. a.
- Hans Jentsch: From the sense of dogma. Reform Catholic dogma criticism and ecclesiastical dogma sympathy , 1944
- August Hagen : Reform Catholicism in the Diocese of Rottenburg, 1902–1920 , 1962
- Eduard Winter : The Josefinism the history of the Austrian reform Catholicism; 1740-1848 , 1962
- Oskar Schroeder: Departure and Misunderstanding of the History of the Reform Catholic Movement , 1969
- Johann Karl Graf Herberstein, Peter Hersche : Enlightened Reform Catholicism in Austria , 1976
- Georg Schwaiger : Departure into the 20th century. On the dispute over reform Catholicism and modernism , 1976
- Walter Ferber: German Reform Catholics , 1980
- Christiane Pleuger: Humanist Reform Catholicism using the example of the dispute between Martin Luther and Georg Witzel , 1980
- Thomas Nipperdey : Religion in Transition. Germany 1870–1918 , Munich 1988. (excellent for first introduction to the subject)
- Andreas Holzem : Church reform and sect foundation. German Catholics, Reform Catholics and Ultramontanes on the Upper Rhine (1844–1866) , 1994
- Michael Pammer : Apostasy and True Devotion. Baroque religiosity , reform Catholicism and secularism in Upper Austria 1700–1820 , 1994
- Manfred Weitlauff : Reform Catholicism . In: Walter Kasper (Ed.): Lexicon for Theology and Church . 3. Edition. tape 8 . Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1999, Sp. 957 ff .
- Jörg Haustein : Liberal-Catholic journalism in the late Empire: "The New Century" and the Kraus Society . Göttingen 2001
- Claus Arnold : Art. Reform Catholicism. In: Religion in Geschichte und Gegenwart, 4th ed., Vol. 7, 2004, pp. 189–191
Remarks
- ^ Otto Weiß : Enlightenment - Modernism - Postmodernism: The struggle of theology for a contemporary responsibility for faith. Pustet, Regensburg 2017, p. 116