Eduard Winter

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Eduard Winter (born September 16, 1896 in Grottau , Northern Bohemia , Austria-Hungary , † March 3, 1982 in East Berlin ) was an Austrian historian and university professor.

Live and act

Eduard Winter, the son of a shoemaker and office administrator, attended elementary school in Sebastiansberg and the upper secondary school in Bohemian Leipa .

1915-1919 he studied at the theological faculty of the University of Innsbruck and was ordained in 1919 as a Roman Catholic priest in the diocese of Leitmeritz . For further studies he went to the German University in Prague . During his studies there he became a member of the KDStV Vandalia Prague in 1919 . In 1921, he was here to doctor doctorate .

He completed his habilitation in theology in 1922 and in philosophy in 1926. In the winter of 1926/27 he traveled to Rome; on his return he received a newly created extraordinary professorship for Christian philosophy . On July 13, 1934, he succeeded August Naegel as full professor for church history and patristics at the theological faculty of the German University in Prague.

In the following years there was an alienation of Winter from the Church and a rapprochement with Sudeten German positions and National Socialism . From May 1939 he was a member of the NSDAP . In 1940 he married his colleague Maria Kögl, and their child was born in the same year. He asked for his release ; there was a scandal and his excommunication . In autumn 1941, Winter's previous chair in church history was transferred to the Faculty of Philosophy and converted into a research professorship for European intellectual history . Winter stayed with the university. His main research interests now became Reform Catholicism, Enlightenment and Josephinism - a decidedly anti-Roman tendency that he held out to the end of his life. Winter was head of the Institute for Eastern European Intellectual History of the Reinhard Heydrich Foundation in Prague . Winter was a member of the SS and in 1945 worked for the security service of the Reichsführer SS , SD. The National Socialist Alfred Baeumler was positively impressed by Winter's book Thousand Years of Spiritual Struggle in Ukraine . Byzantium and Rome in the struggle for the East Slavic area, which he knew under its original title, but was later published only with the modified subtitle, from which the Nazi vocabulary had been removed. Baeumler recommended in winter 1941 to work in the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg , ERR, an organization of art and library robbery.

At the end of July 1945 Winter was expelled from Prague ; he first came to Vienna , where his family also lived.

Winter turned to socialist internationalism and in 1947 was appointed to the chair for Eastern European History at the Martin Luther University in Halle-Wittenberg . In October 1948 he became her rector as the successor to Otto Eißfeldt . His inaugural address marks his new research focus: The Vatican and the Russian-French Alliance (1894). In the following years until 1951 he remained rector. From 1951 until his retirement in 1966 he taught at the Humboldt University in Berlin , where he headed the Institute for the History of the Peoples of the USSR . From 1955 he was a full member of the German Academy of Sciences in Berlin , where from 1955 to 1959 he was the historical department of the Institute for Slavic Studies, from 1956 to 1959 the working group History of the Slavic Peoples at the Institute for History and from 1961 to 1965 the position for headed German-Slavic scientific relations. In 1963 he became a corresponding and four years later a full member of the Académie internationale d'histoire des sciences in Paris .

Winter supported the GDR ideologically and journalistically, but kept his Austrian citizenship, which he had acquired in 1946, and lived in Berlin, like many GDR artists and scientists, at Straße 201 .

His students include Felix-Heinrich Gentzen , Hubert Mohr , Hans-Joachim Seidowsky and Sigrid Wegner-Korfes .

Winter's extensive estate is in the archive of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences .

Awards

Fonts

author

  • Ferdinand Kindermann Knight von Schulstein . Vienna 1926
  • The intellectual development of A. Günther and his school , Vienna 1931
  • Bernard Bolzano and his circle , 1932
    • Czech: Bolzano a jeho kruh , 1935
  • Religion and Revelation in B. Bolzano ’s Philosophy of Religion , Breslau 1932
  • A thousand years of intellectual struggle in the Sudeten region , 1938
    • Czech: Tisíc let duchovního zápasu , 1940
  • Byzantium and Rome in the struggle for Ukraine , Prague 1940, reprint Fürth 1993
  • The Josephinism and its history , in 1943
    • Czech: Josefinismus a jeho dějiny: Příspěvek k duchovním dějinám Čech a Moravy 1740–1848 , Praha: Jelínek, 1945
  • Czech and Slovak emigration to Germany in the 17th and 18th centuries , 1955
  • Eduard Winter:  Bolzano, Bernard. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , pp. 438-440 ( digitized version ).
  • Russia and the Papacy , 2 volumes, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, 1960/61
    • Part 1: From Christianization to the Beginnings of the Enlightenment , 1960
    • Part 2: From the Enlightenment to the Great October Socialist Revolution , 1961
  • Early humanism. Its development in Bohemia and its European significance for church reform efforts in the 14th century , 1964
  • Romanticism, Restoration and Spring Liberalism in the Austrian Vormärz , Vienna 1968
  • Early liberalism in the Danube Monarchy. Religious, national and scientific currents from 1790–1868 , Berlin 1968
  • Bernard Bolzano. A picture of life , Stuttgart / Bad Cannstatt 1969
  • Revolution, new absolutism and liberalism in the Danube Monarchy , Vienna 1969
  • The Bolzano Circle 1824–1833 , Vienna 1970
  • Bernard Bolzano's social and ethnic ethics. Humanistic patriotism or romantic nationalism in pre-March Austria. Bolzano versus Friedrich Schlegel , Vienna 1977
  • Heretic fates. Christian thinkers from nine centuries , Zurich / Cologne 1980
  • My life in the service of the understanding of nations. Based on diary entries, letters, documents and memories , vol. 1 (= contributions to the history of religious and scientific thought, vol. 10), (East) Berlin 1981
  • (posthumous) memories (1945–1976) , Frankfurt am Main etc .: Lang 1994, ISBN 3-631-47550-0

editor

  • B. Bolzano ’s correspondence with F. Exner , 1935
  • with J. Bergem, F. Kambartelem, J. Loužilem, B. von Rootselaarem: Bernard Bolzano : Gesamtausgabe , Stuttgart / Bad Cannstatt 1969 ff.

literature

  • Conrad Grau : Eduard Winter. 1896 to 1982. In: Trailblazer of GDR history. (Ost-) Berlin 1989, pp. 358-375.
  • Kurt Augustinus Huber: Eduard Winter (1896-1982). An obituary. In: Catholic Church and Culture in Bohemia: Selected Treatises. , ed. by Joachim Bahlcke and Rolf Grulich, Münster etc: LIT 2005 (Religious and Cultural History in East Central and Southeastern Europe, Vol. 5.) ISBN 9783825866877 , pp. 711–752
  • Ines Luft: Eduard Winter between God, Church and career: from Bohemian Catholic youth leader to GDR historian. Leipzig: Leipziger Universitätsverlag 2016 ISBN 978-3-86583-258-0 , plus Diss. Theol., University of Bamberg 2006
  • Ilko-Sascha Kowalczuk :  Eduard Winter . In: Who was who in the GDR? 5th edition. Volume 1. Ch. Links, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86153-561-4 .
  • Andreas Wiedemann: The Reinhard Heydrich Foundation in Prague (1942-1945) , reports and studies No. 28, published by the Hannah Arendt Institute for Totalitarian Research eV at the Technical University of Dresden , Dresden 2000, ISBN 3-931648-31- 1 (PDF file; 943 kB)
  • Jiří Němec: Eduard Winter (1896–1982): "One of the most important personalities in Austrian intellectual history of our century is almost unknown in Austria" In: Österreichische Historiker 1900–1945. CVs and careers in Austria, Germany and Czechoslovakia in scientific portraits , ed. by Karel Hruza, Vienna etc: Böhlau 2008 ISBN 9783205778134 , pp. 619-677
  • Jiří Němec: Eduard Winter 1896-1982. Zpráva o originalitě a přizpůsobení se sudetoněmeckého historika (Report on the originality and adaptation of a Sudeten German historian) Brno: Masaryk University 2017 ISBN 9788021088085 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The honorary members, old men and students of the CV Vienna 1925, p. 556.
  2. ↑ Huber (Lit.), p. 742
  3. ^ Andreas Wiedemann: The Reinhard Heydrich Foundation as an example of National Socialist science policy in the Protectorate . In Christiane Brenner , K. Erik Franzen, Peter Haslinger and Robert Luft: History of the Bohemian Countries in the 20th Century. Scientific traditions - institutions - discourses. Munich 2006, ISBN 3-486-57990-8 . (Bad Wiesseer Meetings of the Collegium Carolinum 28), p. 162
  4. ↑ Harry Waibel : Servants of many masters. Former Nazi functionaries in the Soviet Zone / GDR. Peter Lang, Frankfurt am Main et al. 2011, ISBN 978-3-631-63542-1 , p. 373.
  5. ^ Rector's speeches in the 19th and 20th centuries - online bibliography
  6. ↑ http://www.max-lingner-stiftung.de/intellektivensiedlung
  7. ^ Eduard Winter's estate
  8. ↑ Neues Deutschland , December 2, 1961, p. 4
personal data
SURNAME Winter, Eduard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian historian and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH September 16, 1896
PLACE OF BIRTH Grottau, Northern Bohemia, Austria-Hungary , today Hrádek nad Nisou , Czech Republic
DATE OF DEATH March 3, 1982
Place of death Berlin