Paul von Thurn and Taxis
Paul Maximilian Lamoral Prince / Prince of Thurn and Taxis (born May 27, 1843 at Donaustauf Castle near Regensburg ; † March 10, 1879 in Cannes , France) was the third child of Prince Maximilian Karl von Thurn and Taxis and his second wife, Mathilde Sophie zu Oettingen-Oettingen and Oettingen-Spielberg (1816–1886).
Childhood and youth
Paul von Thurn und Taxis spent his childhood and youth, apart from summer stays at Donaustauf Castle and Taxis Castle ( Swabian Alb ), at St. Emmeram Castle in Regensburg, the headquarters of the princely family. Like the other princely descendants, he received lessons from private tutors. As part of a separate examination lasting several days in July 1861 at the Regensburg grammar school, he completed his school education with the "Gymnasial-Absolutorium" (= Abitur) and the final grade "Very good". He had, it is said in the explanatory statement, "made by its rich intellectual ability, through its all-round and in-depth scientific education, and in general through its whole, supported by the most excellent properties personality the most advantageous impression" . He was musically gifted, had a very good voice and learned to play the piano very well.
Friend of King Ludwig II of Bavaria
With reference to the traditionally good relationship between the House of Thurn and Taxis and the Wittelsbach royal family, his father Maximilian Karl asked King Maximilian II of Bavaria for an officer position for his son. After Paul had already received private military lessons in Regensburg, he joined the 2nd Artillery Regiment of the Bavarian Army (Garrison Würzburg) on November 15, 1861 at the age of 18 as a sub-lieutenant (junior lieutenant) . On November 1, 1863, he became orderly officer of Maximilian II and, after his unexpected death on March 10, 1864, adjutant of his friend, the now Bavarian King Ludwig II. On January 18, 1865, at the age of 20, he was promoted to first lieutenant and personal adjutant appointed by the king.
During a three-week stay together in the royal villa in Berchtesgaden (September 1863), which both parents had arranged, he and Crown Prince Ludwig formed a close friendship. The two young men were enthusiastic about art, music, theater and literature. They loved staying in the mountains and were excellent riders. They both had a humanistic education, were rooted in the Catholic faith and took their religious duties seriously. Outwardly they looked very similar.
Paul von Thurn und Taxis grew up in a large family with numerous half-siblings and siblings. That required adapting and dealing with the needs of others. - Ludwig, on the other hand, never had the opportunity to have comparable social experiences. His upbringing was designed to train him in the role of crown prince, so that he expected submissive behavior from others from an early age. In his prominent position he was socially isolated. Admitting his own wrongdoing, apologizing, or dealing constructively with criticism were behaviors he never learned. In the person of Paul, he met someone of almost his age who was able to counteract his feelings of loneliness.
As one can see from Ludwig's diary entries and Paul's letters to Ludwig, they experienced intense phases of high-spirited, sometimes ecstatic friendship with homoerotic connotations. The received letters to Ludwig can be interpreted as both friendship and love letters. However, they do not allow a clear conclusion that homosexual intercourse has actually taken place. The tender behaviors such as kisses, hugs, vows of loyalty and love, communicated by Paul in letters, are historically within the framework, possibly on the fringes of sensitive friendships among men in the 19th century - Paul von Thurn and Taxis was for Ludwig despite all the unfortunate events that followed the only congenial friend.
Adjutant of Ludwig II.
Prince Paul stood at the side of a king who was overwhelmed by his unprepared accession to power at the age of 18. His self-image as a king "by the grace of God" contradicted the constitution of Bavaria as a constitutional monarchy. Shyness of the public and human deficits affected his reign. He experienced and suffered the consequences of Ludwig's misunderstanding of political realities. Although he was subordinate to him in official matters, he took on the role of advisor to the often indecisive and mood-influenced king, who tried to protect him from careless actions.
From June 18 to July 15, 1864, Ludwig stayed with someone at the Kissingen spa, a social event of European importance. Accompanied by his wing adjutant, he welcomed the Austrian Emperor Franz Joseph I and Empress Elisabeth, Tsar Alexander II of Russia and Tsarina Maria Alexandrovna. Also present were Paul's mother Mathilde Sophie and Helene Duchess in Bavaria, also Princess von Thurn and Taxis. With that he arrived on the international stage just a few months after taking up his duties.
At the end of the autumn maneuver in 1864, Ludwig held his first military parade as Commander-in-Chief of the Bavarian Army on September 17th. 5700 soldiers of all ranks and 1600 horses were involved. The king's military entourage, which the troops passed, included the prince in colored parade uniform, because as the king's liaison officer to the army, he was a member of the highest military level.
Paul von Thurn und Taxis and Richard Wagner crowned Ludwig's 20th birthday on August 25, 1865 with a theatrical event. While an electrically illuminated boat in the form of a swan was pulled by an invisible wire rope across the Alpsee towards Hohenschwangau Castle, Paul in a Lohengrin costume sang arias from the Wagner opera of the same name, accompanied by 30 military musicians who, conducted by Wagner, kept hidden on the bank. The composer had personally prepared him for this performance. He was enthusiastically praised by Ludwig for these appearances, which were repeated three times until November. The Bavarian press, on the other hand, scornfully commented on them as bizarre childishness, unworthy of a head of state. They damaged Paul’s reputation with his family and with the entire Bavarian nobility.
The relationship between Paul von Thurn und Taxis and Ludwig reached its greatest intensity in those months of 1866 when the war of the German Confederation against Prussia was being prepared, waged and lost. Until the end Ludwig wanted to spare his people a war. He finally gave in to political pressure, but from June onwards he retired to Berg Castle and the Roseninsel in Lake Starnberg for weeks with Paul . The Bavarians saw themselves abandoned by their king. Paul recognized Ludwig's politically unwise behavior. Nevertheless, he felt obliged to stay by his side and cheer up his friend in his depressed phase. Together with Richard Wagner in the background, he succeeded in dissuading the king from his intention to resign. - The public reporting of Ludwig's retreats accompanied by his wing adjutant and friend was devastating.
Tensions and crises
The relationship between Paul and Ludwig was repeatedly exposed to crises. : From the beginning, encouraged by the court official opposition to him because he had advanced in his key position at the right hand of the king and his mouthpiece "In place of the Lords of Pfistermeister, Lutz and Hoffmann [high-ranking officials of the Royal Cabinet] but the very young, equally inexperienced wing adjutant, Prince Taxis, stepped in. He is now mediating the graces alone " . He was denounced several times to Ludwig by informants, for the first time in autumn 1863. In addition, Ludwig's unpredictable fluctuations in emotions and his inability to deal with criticism. He was probably the only one around the king who dared to contradict him. Despite all the declarations of loyalty, their crisis-prone relationship escalated in the spring of 1866, but reconciliation took place again.
The tension between affectionate friendship at eye level and dependent official position characterized his situation from the start. He underestimated the explosive nature of this potential for conflict. Since private and official matters inextricably mixed in his dual function, he was constantly on duty. Ludwig demanded the immediate implementation of his private wishes and official instructions. At the same time he tended to work at night and covered long distances by horse with Paul, even at night, so that during the day he was tired.
During a mountain excursion lasting several days, Ludwig fell on September 7, 1866 with his horse near Böbing / Upper Bavaria on Prince Paul, who was riding next to him and who suffered a " not insignificant head injury" , presumably a severe concussion and other injuries. Ludwig feared for his life in the following "black-and-white hours" , accompanied his transport by train to Starnberg and visited the slowly convalescent daily in his Munich apartment at Türkenstrasse 82. After three weeks Paul resumed his work, but he got aground his weakened constitution with the execution of orders from Ludwig behind.
Paul - Ludwig II. - Richard Wagner - Cosima von Bülow
Ludwig had inseparably linked his meaning in life with Richard Wagner and his musical work, as u. a. His letter of August 17, 1866 to his cousin Sophie Duchess in Bavaria shows: "His [= Wagner] day of death is also mine. - That is certain, because the love for him, which is the reason for my joys and sorrows, was in religious cult, I cannot live without it. "and inspired Paul von Thurn und Taxis for Wagner's music. He was one of the few aristocrats in Bavaria who stood by the politically and musically controversial composer. In Wagner he also saw a friend to whom he confided with his fears for Ludwig and with his own problems. He asked him e.g. B. for advice whether he should accept the artistic directorship of the Munich Residence and National Theater proposed by Ludwig. Marked as " Wagneriane r", he accepted the damage it caused his reputation in his own family and among his peers.
In secret missions
After Wagner's expulsion from Bavaria on December 10, 1865, Paul's importance for the king increased because he served him several times as a secret messenger and mediator to Tribschen on Lake Lucerne , Wagner's place of residence in Switzerland. Ludwig made every effort to maintain Wagner's creative power and to have his operas performed. He was a trustworthy reporter and brought Ludwig the original score of the "Walküre". Wagner and Cosima were very interested in preserving Ludwig's goodwill by all means, even extortionate ones. Together, Wagner and Paul prevented Ludwig's resignation and his planned exile in Switzerland and brought him to reshuffle his cabinet, which repeatedly blocked the financial contributions to the composer.
Under the pseudonym Friedrich Melloc , Prince Paul traveled to Tribschen on August 6, 1866, to persuade Ludwig Wagner to return to Munich. Wagner refuses. The following letter to Ludwig is dated August 7, 1866: “I have just left the intimate circle of dear friends [= Richard Wagner and Cosima] and I went to the cozy little room where we were together ... A nice memory! ... He and Ms. Vorstel [= Wagner and Cosima] convey their most devoted greetings. God protect you and keep you on the throne. That is her wish and also mine, because only in this way can we achieve our high ideal. ... " .
Dismissal and exile
Effective November 7, 1866, Paul von Thurn und Taxis was relieved of his position with the king and transferred to the 3rd Artillery Regiment, where he was given " the highest recognition of his service ". However, he did not take up his service there, a fact that was later interpreted as deserting him. On January 18, 1867, he was officially released from military service at his request. He could not explain his sudden banishment from the vicinity of Ludwig, as his letter written in this context shows:
“My only beloved Ludwig! My all!
What in all holy names did your Friedrich do to you! What was he saying so harshly that no hand, no good night, yes, that no more reunion would allow him today? I cannot describe to you how I dare to take courage. My trembling hand may reveal the inner movement to you. I didn't mean to offend you. Forgive, be good to me again, otherwise I will fear the worst, so I cannot bear it. May my tones rise to you in reconciliation. Amen! Forgive your unhappy Friedrich. "
Reasons for dismissal were not given in any official document. There are, however, clear indications in the correspondence between Ludwig and Cosima which indicate that it had become a serious danger for Ludwig as well as for Richard Wagner and Cosima von Bülow.
In a "Declaration of Honor" signed on June 12, 1866 and immediately published in the press, Ludwig had defended Cosima and Wagner against all accusations of living in an adulterous relationship. During his subsequent stays in Tribschen, Paul von Thurn und Taxis may have recognized that Cosima , who was married to Hans von Bülow , was not only the housekeeper and secretary of Wagner, who was still married to his wife Minna, but was also his constant lover. He took the side of Ludwig as a friend and apparently informed his king and friend about the real conditions in Tribschen, since he wanted to protect him from further ridicule in public, which had long since been better informed. Ludwig could not accept this truth and expressed himself to Cosima, Paul " offended the world, raised himself in an irresponsible way, even tried to put his former friends [= Wagner and Cosima] in an unfavorable light by blackening them ". Ludwig had "formed the almost metaphysical ideal of a sexless trinitarian relationship between Wagner, Cosima and himself". Now he saw the realization of his kingship in art, free of earthly instincts, threatened to the utmost, which he had inseparably linked with Wagner's idealized life and his music.
Ludwig's message to Cosima that Paul was denouncing her and Wagner terrified them both. In consultation with Wagner, Cosima dismantled Ludwig's previously highly praised " loyal Friedrich" , accusing him of a "raw" or " unfinished nature" , of " presumptuousness" and "intrusiveness" . She assumed that his enthusiasm for Wagner was never real, but rather faked.
Ludwig eluded any discussion with Paul, he dropped him once and for all. With this, Paul became the victim of Ludwig's early behavior, first of all to attract people, to inspire them, to use them for his own purposes, but to abruptly part with them when they were upset and in crisis situations and then to vilify them. - In agreement with Wagner and Cosima, he behaved in a similar way towards the initially highly revered singer Malvina Schnorr von Carolsfeld . At the same time as Paul, she had informed the king about the adulterous relationship between Wagner and Cosima based on her own views. Malvina and Paul were named in the same breath by Cosima and devalued as low characters.
Marriage and exclusion from the princely family
Elise Stephanie Kreuzer: actress, singer and lover
In the theater season 1865/1866 Paul got to know the 20-year-old actress and singer Elise Stephanie Kreuzer , who, after several engagements in theaters in the area of the dual monarchy Austria-Hungary, had made the leap to the Munich Actien-Volkstheater (today Staatstheater am Gärtnerplatz). Born on September 8, 1845 in Mannheim, she came from a family of artists. Her mother Amalie Fischer (born in Prague on August 15, 1814) was a singer, her father Heinrich Kreuzer (born 1819 in Vienna) was a famous tenor at the time.
Until she left the Actien-Volks-Theater, she took on speaking and singing roles in 24 different plays, especially in operettas by Jacques Offenbach and Franz von Suppè. During a visit to the theater, Ludwig saw her in a humorous trouser role, without Paul having previously told that one of the actors on the stage was his lover. Studio photos kept by Paul show Elise both in fashionable going-out clothes and in a relaxed, sensual resting position.
The love affair between Prince Paul and Elise Stephanie Kreuzer and their pregnancy could be kept secret. At the end of January 1867 both left Munich and went to Bern (Switzerland), where their son Heinrich was born on January 31st. Now sensational reports appeared in Bavarian newspapers about the intention of the former royal adjutant to marry a soubrette (initially not named) of the Actien-Volkstheater - a scandal in aristocratic circles.
Elise Kreuzer - a Jew?
The public scandal was all the greater when articles appeared in the press saying that the mistress was Jewish, e. B. in the "Münchener Tages-Anzeiger" of February 20, 1867: "The marriage has not yet taken place, as the prince's lover is a Jew and will only be baptized" . The fact is that her mother was evangelical and her father was Mosaic. They each had their five children baptized Evangelicals after their birth. Elise Stephanie Kreuzer was baptized on September 13, 1845 in the Konkordien-Kirche in Mannheim. From a Christian point of view, Elise was a Christian, but she was publicly referred to as a Jewish singer, not only in Bavaria. The two anti-Semites Wagner and Cosima saw themselves confirmed once again in their devaluation of Paul, which had already been carried out for other reasons. Ludwig, who was generally friendly to the Bavarian Jews, let himself be carried away to Cosima - possibly as a concession to the "friends" in Tribschen - to the following statement: "[...] how can you give up a brilliant position like this [Paul is meant] to spoil an old name with a good sound in order to chase after a reckless, ugly Jewess. O sancta simplicitas " .
marriage
Paul von Thurn und Taxis and Elise Stephanie Kreuzer married on June 7, 1868 in the Catholic Church of St. Petrus in Ketten (Astheim) near Trebur. The Princely House had previously negotiated or dictated a contract with Paul, which had been signed on February 9, 1868 in Aachen in the presence of the princely magistrate Heinrich, who had traveled from Regensburg. This contract contained i.a. a. the following rules: Paul is excluded from the Thurn and Taxis dynasty. He loses his princely title and family name, at the same time his share of the royal family's assets and his legally entitled " apanage ". Instead, he was awarded a voluntary and temporary "sustentation" of 6,000 guilders per year in Bavarian currency. After his death, his wife was to be granted 3,000 guilders for life. - On June 17, 1868, Ludwig II raised his former friend to the baron class under the new name "von Fels".
Maximilian Karl's goal was to cut any recognizable connection between Paul and the Princely House and to exclude his descendants from the princely line. He saw his son's unequal love marriage with a commoner, especially a (allegedly Jewish) theater artist, severely damaging his dynasty. On August 13, 1868, he wrote to his cousin: "In spite of all efforts, my son Paul could not be induced to give up his relationship with a person who, unfortunately, contradicts the honor of my house and name in every respect . " In addition, she wanted to continue her theater career as a wife and Paul intended to go to the theater.
In the conflict between father and son, two different concepts of life faced each other. Maximilian Karl's was based on traditional class norms and dynastic thinking. On the other hand, the son oriented himself towards an individually developed life plan with an uncertain outcome and gave priority to the "own sense". He paid a heavy price for this.
About attempts at reconciliation between Paul von Fels and the Princely House, z. B. by his sister-in-law Helene Fürstin von Thurn und Taxis , there were reports in Bavarian newspaper articles, but no reliable evidence.
Life to death in Cannes
Paul von Fels tried in vain to gain a foothold in various theaters as an actor or to become director. Presumably at that time he was already suffering from the incurable tuberculosis (then called "consumption") and therefore less and less able to meet the physical and psychological demands of artistic activity. He was no longer in the public spotlight, but accompanied his wife as a "private" or "reindeer" to the places of her engagement. After his marriage, he repeatedly ran into financial difficulties and took out loans. Until his death, the Princely House's "Obereinsteigererei" withholds amounts to settle the creditor claims from its quarterly suspension installments.
Their son Heinrich lived alternately in a boarding school, with his grandparents Kreuzer and during the theater holidays with his parents.
Elise von Fels continued her path as an artist with great success. In the season 1867/1868 she was engaged at the Stadttheater Aachen, engagements followed e.g. B. in Rostock, Augsburg, Salzburg and Lübeck. From 1874 to 1878 she was a coloratura soprano and prima donna at the Stadttheater Freiburg i.Br.
While she was at her artistic peak, his health deteriorated. In September 1878 he had a passport issued to him in Regensburg to allow him to travel to France and went to Cannes to alleviate his symptoms. By the end of the year, Paul should have realized that his end was near. At his request, the city council approved the purchase of a grave site on January 18, 1879. He died at the age of 35 on March 10, 1879 and was taken to the " Cimetière du Grand Jas " cemetery , Allée du Silence no. 33 buried under the name "Baron Paul de Fels"
In 1991, his grave was abandoned because the cemetery administration could not identify a responsible relative. His remains, which were still in existence at the time, were brought to the " Ossarium " in the cemetery .
The further path of Elise von Fels
In 1881 she married the opera singer (baritone) and theater director Arno Cabisius in Lübeck and gave up her vocal activity. In 1890 Cabisius became director of the Magdeburg city theater, which he led to economic and artistic success with supraregional importance. When he died unexpectedly in 1907, Elise von Fels-Cabisius was entrusted by the magistrate with the continuation of the management because of her professional competence. In the obituary of the "Magdeburger Generalanzeiger" of March 8, 1907 for her husband, it is said that in his wife he had a " creative and art-loving colleague" whose "advice and support always offered him new artistic ideas. Both led a happy one 'Artist marriage' [...] which was founded on the firm foundation of the most intimate agreement and the same artistic endeavor ".
They were recognized as being called " the Cabisia " in artistic circles and among the population . She died in 1936 in Huntlosen b. Oldenburg at the age of 91 and was buried in the local cemetery.
progeny
- Heinrich von Fels (* 1867 in Bern; † 1936 in Huntlosen), married to the actress Maria von Scarpatetti (* 1872 in Innsbruck; † 1931 in Husum / Schleswig-Holstein).
- Adoption of Elise Emma Leucke (* 1911 in Leitz-Glinde near Magdeburg; † 1971 in Huntlosen). She married the landowner Emil Rüdebusch (* 1899 in Huntlosen, † 1972 in Huntlosen). Her daughter Sylvia Rüdebusch (* 1938 in Oldenburg), married Alphéus-Jegensdorf, lives in Oldenburg.
Honor
- August 1864: Russian Order of Saint Anne III. class
- February 1865: Papal Order of the Knights of Malta
- February 1866: Knight's Cross 1st Class of the Grand Ducal Hessian Order of Philip
Trivia
- Prince Paul von Thurn und Taxis appeared in the TV series Wagner - The Life and Work of Richard Wagner (1983) with Richard Burton as Richard Wagner and Vanessa Redgrave as Cosima Wagner (played by Arthur Denberg ). He appears as Lohengrin on the Alpsee and on the occasion of his visit to Tribschen together with King Ludwig II in May 1866.
- "Prinz Paul" (Hermann Pröll) has a small appearance in Luchino Visconti's film Ludwig II. (1972).
Individual evidence
- ↑ In all official sources on the person of Paul that are available in the Bavarian Main State Archives in Munich, the title "Fürst" is used for him. As long as he has this title, he always signs his letters with "Fürst", including those that he addresses to the Princely House in Regensburg. In the numerous articles in the Bavarian press that mention him as a companion of Ludwig II, he is always called "Prince Paul von Thurn und Taxis" or "Prince Taxis". It was not until the end of the 19th century that the Princely House introduced the distinction "Prince" for the ruling chief of the house and "Prince" / "Princess" for the other descendants. - The source-based biography of Paul von Thurn and Taxis by Sylvia Alphéus and Lothar Jegensdorf ("Fürst Paul von Thurn und Taxis. A stubborn life. Munich: Allitera 2017) offers corresponding evidence for the then use of the prince title for Paul von Thurn and Taxis.
- ↑ Detail page - Archivportal-D. Retrieved May 21, 2018 .
- ↑ See Alphéus, Sylvia / Jegensdorf, Lothar: Prince Paul von Thurn and Taxis. A stubborn life . Allitera, Munich 2017, p. 60.
- ↑ For more information on extracts from Ludwig's previously unpublished diaries, see Alphéus / Jegensdorf, p. 316
- ^ Paul von Thurn and Taxis: Letters to Ludwig II. In: Bavarian Main State Archive (BayHStA) - Secret House Archive (GHA): Cabinet files Ludwig II. 89 .
- ↑ Cf. the discussion of this complex of topics in Alphéus / Jegensdorf (see individual reference no. 3) taking into account the current state of research, pp. 109–126; Here also the print and interpretation of six letters from Paul to Ludwig from April / May 1866.
- ↑ All evidence of Ludwig's intention to resign and the prevention of his resignation from Alphéus / Jegensdorf, pp. 165–167.
- ↑ Landshuter Zeitung of September 25, 1866
- ↑ See BayHStA-GHA: Cabinet files of Ludwig II. 66.
- ↑ There.
- ↑ Ludwig noted e.g. B. on September 1st in his diary: "Friedrich very tired".
- ^ Cosima Wagner and Ludwig II of Bavaria: Letters. An amazing correspondence. Ed .: Schad, Martha. Bergisch Gladbach 1996, p. 253 .
- ^ "Neuer Bayerischer Kurier" from September 12, 1866.
- ^ Ludwig II .: BayHStA-GHA, cabinet files Ludwig II. 68.
- ^ Ludwig II .: Letters to Sophie Duchess in Bavaria. BayHStA-GHA, cabinet files of Ludwig II. 88.
- ↑ Cf. on this naming Alphéus / Jegensdorf (see individual reference no. 3), chap. 7.3: Common worlds of names and languages ", p. 161ff.
- ^ Chapman-Huston: The Mad King of Bavaria . Dorset Press, New York 1990, pp. 109 f .
- ↑ BayHStA war archive: Personnel file 09547.
- ^ Military history research office (Germany West): Military history reports . Volumes 16-20. 1970, p. 101.
- ^ BayHStA-GHA, cabinet files of Ludwig II. 89.
- ^ Cosima Wagner and Ludwig II of Bavaria: Letters. An amazing correspondence . Ed .: Schad, Martha. Bergisch Gladbach 1996.
- ↑ Richard Wagner: Complete Letters . Ed .: Edited by Andreas Mielke on behalf of the Richard Wagner Foundation Bayreuth. 18: Letters from 1866. Wiebaden, Leipzig, Paris 2008, p. 170 ff., 331 ff .
- ^ Letters from Ludwig to Cosima of October 20 and November 20, 1866
- ↑ Borchmeyer, Dieter: Richard Wagner. Work - life - time . Stuttgart 2013, p. 241 .
- ↑ See Cosima's letters to Ludwig of November 25, 1866, January 5 and 10, 1867.
- ↑ Documents in Alphéus / Jegensdorf, pp. 198–205
- ↑ See Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München: bavarica digital collections: theater list 1866–1867.
- ↑ See Alphéus / Jegensdorf, pp. 213–216.
- ↑ Ibid, p. 221.
- ↑ See baptismal certificate of the Church of St. Peter in Bern. State Archives of the Canton of Bern, Sign. K Bern 91, S 170 f., No. 434.
- ↑ Evangelical Church in Baden - Regional Church Archive Karlsruhe, Evangelical Baptism Book Mannheim 1844 to 1847: Baptism entry "Elise Stephanie Fischer" from September 13, 1845.
- ^ Letter of September 23, 1867. In: Cosima Wagner and Ludwig II of Bavaria. An amazing correspondence. Edited by Schad, Martha. Bergisch Gladbach 1996, p. 428.
- ↑ See parish archives "St. Peter in Ketten": marriage entry in the "Copulations Protocol", Book IV, 1868 No. 10.
- ↑ BayHStA-Adelsarchiv: Adelsmatrikel, Adelige F 59.
- ↑ There.
- ↑ There.
- ↑ Cf. Doll, Eva-Carolina: Action Structures. The rulership of Thurn and Taxis on the threshold of the 19th century under Prince Maximilian Karl. Regensburg 2017.
- ↑ Information in the corresponding volumes of the "Deutsche Bühnenalmanach".
- ↑ Cf. various articles in the "Freiburger Zeitung", z. B. October 14, 1874, November 10, 1876, March 30, 1877.
- ^ Conservation du Cimetière du Grand Jas / Cannes: Concession Perpetuelle of March 21, 1879.
- ↑ In Alphéus / Jegensdorf, pp. 265–275, further details about his stay in Cannes, his death, his church burial and the payment for the grave site by his younger brother Franz von Thurn und Taxis who had traveled there.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Thurn and Taxis, Paul von |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Thurn and Taxis, Paul Maximilian Lamoral from |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Prince of Thurn and Taxis |
| DATE OF BIRTH | May 27, 1843 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Donaustauf |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 10, 1879 |
| Place of death | Cannes , France |