Pavel Vladimirovich Zybin

Pavel Vladimirovich Zybin ( Russian Павел Владимирович Цыбин , scientific. Transliteration Pavel Vladimirovič Cybin * 23. December 1905 ; † 4. February 1992 ) was a Soviet designer in the field of aerospace, "Honored Scientist of RSFSR ", Lenin Prize winners and colonel Reserve.

Training and first work

As early as 1920 he made the first flights on a glider of his own design. In 1926 he entered the 1st Soviet Aviation School in Gatchina , specializing in aviation technicians. During this time his first glider “Chalturinez” was built. He built another “Standard” glider together with Oleg Antonov . His acquaintance with Sergei Korolev also dates from this time . After finishing school work followed in the department of teaching aids in the management of the air forces of the Red Army workers and peasants ( WWS RKKA ), after which he served in school for pilots and technicians of naval aviation in Perm . In 1938, at the age of 33, Zybin was brigade commissar. In 1939 he moved to Moscow and joined the Academy for Aeronautical Engineers Nikolai Zhukovsky . Together with DN Kolesnikow, Zybin is working on the cargo glider KZ-20 with a payload of 20 t, which proved its worth during the years of the Great Patriotic War . This was also the largest Soviet cargo ship during the war.

From 1944 Zybin headed a design office in the factory in Beskudnikow near Moscow , where the new, heavy cargo glider Z-25 was built. It could transport 25 people or an anti-tank gun including traction means. More than 500 copies were in the airborne troops' inventory until 1956 .

From 1945 to 1948, the OKB ("Experimental Design Office") Zybin built flying test models Z-1 (LL-1, LL-2, LL-3) on behalf of the flight research institute. They were intended for research into the aerodynamics of flights in the transonic range. From 1947 to 1948, the pilots and heroes of the Soviet Union Sultan Amet-Chan , Sergei Anochin and N. S. Rybko made about 100 test flights. In the course of this they reached a speed of 1,200 km / h (M 0.97) on the LL-3 in a dive with the engine switched on. In 1947 the first defense industry conversion began in the USSR. The OKB Zybin was closed and the factory switched to the production of civil goods.

Work in rocket research

For Zybin, this was followed by work in OKB-1 near Koroljow, testing of the first Soviet ballistic missiles R-1 and R-2 , testing and introduction of a wing missile to combat sea targets "Kometa" from the design office of A. Mikojan and Sergo Beria , the son of the head of the intelligence service Lavrenti Beria and the S-25- Fla missile complex for the air defense of Moscow.

Supersonic aircraft: The OKB-256 project

On March 4, 1954, Zybin made a proposal to the government to build a heavy, manned, supersonic strategic bomber. The top speed should be 3,000 km / h and the summit altitude 30,000 m, the range was 14,000 km. The preparatory project work was carried out under the direction of P. W. Zybin in the office for new technology of the ZAGI. The specialists W. B. Schawrow , A. S. Kondratjew, O. W. Lelisejew and I. K. Kostenko were involved.

On May 23, 1955, the decision of the Aviation Technology Committee (GKAT Goskomitet aviazionnoj techniki) appeared at the Council of Ministers of the USSR to form the OKB-256 on the basis of Plant No. 256 in Podbereza and to build the RS aircraft. The management of OKB-256 included P. W. Zybin as chief designer, his deputy for general questions A. G. Goljajew, the deputy for scientific work B. A. Merkulow, for special equipment and systems I. A. Jakowlew and W. B. Schawrow as head of the design department. In order to equip the new OKB, the heads of the other OKBs were obliged to hand over staff, there was still a broad recruitment and the OKB-256 was assigned young graduates.

The strategic bomber / reconnaissance aircraft RS and the heavy, guided missile RSS (S-30) were to take off in the air from the carrier aircraft Tu-95N or A-57 (designer R. L. Bartini ). For the development of the take-off and landing regimes of the aircraft RS and the missile RSR with speeds of Mach 3, a scaled-down version of the reconnaissance aircraft as NM-1 was built and successfully tested. At the same time, Zybin worked in consultation with the chief designer S. P. Koroljow on an orbital glider for the controlled return from the cosmos to earth PKA (pilotirowannyj planirowannyj kosmitschekij apparatus). In 1959, however, the OKB-256 was closed in the wake of cuts in the defense industry. Personnel and equipment went to the OKB of W. M. Myasishchev . Here Zybin continued work on the M-44 wing rocket and the WKS M-48. In 1960 the OKB-23 was also closed and affiliated as a branch to the OKB-52 of W. N. Tschelomei . Tschelomei stopped work on the M-48 and R-020 in April 1961.

Work for Soviet space travel

At the end of 1960 Zybin returned to OKB-1 as the deputy of S. P. Koroljow, his long-time friend. The experience gained during the development of the RSR helped him to design the first Soviet reconnaissance satellite "Zenit", which was added to the armament in 1964. Work then followed on an unmanned modification of the “Vostok” spaceship, the “Molnija” communications satellite , the “Soyuz” and “Soyuz-T” spaceships, and the little-known “Zvezda” orbital station project. In 1974 Zybin became deputy chief designer, later scientific advisor in the “Buran” program . In the last few years (since 1986) P. W. Zybin has conducted scientific research for a single-stage space glider at the NPO "Energija".

Awards

PW Zybin was awarded a number of orders and medals for his services: the Order of Lenin , two orders of the Red Banner , the Order of the Red Star , two orders of the Patriotic War , and another order of the Red Labor Banner .

Web links

• Zybin's biography on testpilot.ru (Russian)
• Zybin's biography on aeroreview.ru (Russian)