Nikolai Yegorovich Zhukovsky
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Nikolai Egorovich Zhukovsky ( Russian Николай Егорович Жуковский ., Scientific transliteration Nikolaj Egorovic Zhukovsky , often as Joukowski transcribed; born January 5 jul. / 17th January 1847 greg. In Orekhovo , Vladimir province , † 17th March 1921 in Moscow ) was a Russian mathematician , aerodynamicist and hydrodynamicist . He is considered the father of Russian aviation.
After studying mathematics and physics at Moscow University , he became a professor at the Moscow Technical School , where his successful scientific work in the field of hydrodynamics made him head of the newly created mechanical institute in 1886.
Research and Teaching
Nikolai Schukowski was particularly interested in the technical application of currents. To this day, he laid the foundations for the understanding of dynamic lift , the formation of eddies and the design of aircraft for a stable flight attitude. He repeatedly checked calculations in experiments and incorporated observations into theoretical ideas. In the area of hydrodynamics, Schukowski's research was able to prevent hydraulic lines from bursting in the event of pressure surges. Further research found its application in water management .
As early as 1890, he developed a great interest in aviation . He experimented with rotating cylinders in moving air and tried to understand the Magnus effect and the lift , which had already been proven experimentally . In 1895 he visited Otto Lilienthal in Berlin , was deeply impressed and bought one of the gliders (normal sailing apparatus) that Lilienthal offered for sale. He rated Lilienthal's flying machine in a report in 1895/96 as "the most important invention of the last few years in the field of aviation".
In 1902 he led the construction of the first wind tunnel . He founded Europe's first aerodynamic institute in 1904 near Moscow. In 1906 he published a function-theoretical derived formula according to which the lift of an airfoil profile is proportional to the circulation around this profile. Since Martin Kutta had already discovered this formula in 1902, it was called the Kutta-Schukowski formula . With this formula, the first lift-generating profiles could be developed. The Schukowski profile, which is obtained from a circular profile by the Kutta-Schukowski transformation , is particularly well known . A few years later he gave the first systematic readings with the results of his aerodynamic research.
From 1912 to 1918 he developed a propeller theory, initially for ship propellers, on the basis of which propellers were later developed. Other work concerned the rolling and stability of ships, numerous problems in hydromechanics, mathematics and astronomy, and water supply. During the First World War, he instructed pilots in aerodynamics.
1918 he founded and eventually led together with Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev the Central Aero and Hydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI) in Moscow, where up to now the research and development of the Russian Aviation and Space concentrated. Today the institute is located in the town named after him, Zhukovsky , near Moscow. In 1919 he was also one of the founders of the Aviation Technology Center, which in 1922 became the Military Academy for Air Force Engineers “Prof. NJ Zhukovsky ”was formed.
Appreciation
The town of Zhukovsky near Moscow, where he founded the ZAGI in 1918, and the lunar crater Zhukovskiy are named after him.
Since 1920 there has been a Schukowski Prize, which was awarded annually for the best work in mathematics and mechanics. On his 100th birthday, two Zhukovsky medals have been awarded annually since 1947 for the best research work in the field of aviation.
Zhukovsky's work was the subject of the film Жуковский ( Zhukovsky , 1950) by Vsevolod Pudowkin and Dmitri Wassiljew .
Web links
- John J. O'Connor, Edmund F. Robertson : Nikolai Jegorowitsch Schukowski. In: MacTutor History of Mathematics archive .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Zhukovsky, Otto Lilienthal's flight apparatus ( Летательный аппарат Отто Лилиенталя ), Photographic Review, Moscow 1/1896
- ↑ Film data for Жуковский (1950) on kino-teatr.ru (Russian), accessed on July 26, 2020
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Zhukovsky, Nikolai Yegorovich |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Жуковский, Николай Егорович (Russian spelling) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Russian mathematician, aerodynamicist and hydrodynamicist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 17, 1847 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Orechowo , Vladimir Governorate |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 17, 1921 |
| Place of death | Moscow |