Pertussis toxin
Pertussis toxin subunit 1 | ||
---|---|---|
Pertussis toxin as a protein complex | ||
other names |
Islet-activating protein S1, IAP S1 |
|
Mass / length primary structure | 269 amino acids , 29,974 Da | |
Identifier | ||
External IDs | ||
Enzyme classification | ||
EC, category | 2.4.2.- | |
Orthologist (Bordetella pertussis) | ||
Entrez | 375790 | |
Ensemble | ENSG00000188157 | |
UniProt | P04977 | |
Refseq (mRNA) | NM_001305275.1 | |
Refseq (protein) | NP_001292204.1 | |
PubMed search |
375790
|
Pertussis toxin subunit 2 | ||
---|---|---|
other names |
Islet-activating protein S2, IAP S2 |
|
Mass / length primary structure | 226 amino acids , 24,799 Da | |
Identifier | ||
External IDs | ||
Orthologist (Bordetella pertussis) | ||
Entrez | 375790 | |
Ensemble | ENSG00000188157 | |
UniProt | P04978 | |
Refseq (mRNA) | NM_001305275.1 | |
Refseq (protein) | NP_001292204.1 | |
PubMed search |
375790
|
Pertussis toxin subunit 3 | ||
---|---|---|
other names |
Islet-activating protein S3, IAP S3 |
|
Mass / length primary structure | 227 amino acids , 24,988 Da | |
Identifier | ||
External IDs | ||
Orthologist (Bordetella pertussis) | ||
Entrez | 375790 | |
Ensemble | ENSG00000188157 | |
UniProt | P04979 | |
Refseq (mRNA) | NM_001305275.1 | |
Refseq (protein) | NP_001292204.1 | |
PubMed search |
375790
|
Pertussis toxin subunit 4 | ||
---|---|---|
other names |
Islet-activating protein S4, IAP S4 |
|
Mass / length primary structure | 152 amino acids , 16,544 Da | |
Identifier | ||
External IDs | ||
Orthologist (Bordetella pertussis) | ||
Entrez | 375790 | |
Ensemble | ENSG00000188157 | |
UniProt | P0A3R5 | |
Refseq (mRNA) | NM_001305275.1 | |
Refseq (protein) | NP_001292204.1 | |
PubMed search |
375790
|
Pertussis toxin subunit 5 | ||
---|---|---|
other names |
Islet-activating protein S5, IAP S5 |
|
Mass / length primary structure | 133 amino acids , 14,500 Da | |
Identifier | ||
External IDs | ||
Orthologue (human) | ||
Entrez | 375790 | |
Ensemble | ENSG00000188157 | |
UniProt | P04981 | |
Refseq (mRNA) | NM_001305275.1 | |
Refseq (protein) | NP_001292204.1 | |
PubMed search |
375790
|
The pertussis toxin (PT) is a protein that is produced by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis and released into its environment ( exotoxin ). It is causative of whooping cough disease symptoms .
history
Whooping cough has been known in Europe for centuries, sometimes with disease-like courses. After the isolation of the pathogen Bordetella pertussis in 1900 in the sputum of a sick infant and the later cultivation of the pathogen, it became apparent that some bacterial strains carry the disease e.g. B. in rats, but not other strains combined to form Bordetella parapertussis . This trait is related to the ability to produce the PT. Bordetella parapertussis does not produce any toxin and cannot cause whooping cough any more than strains of Bordetella pertussis , which have mutated and lost the ability to produce toxins.
Structure and mode of operation
Like many bacterial exotoxins, PT is one of the AB toxins , which consist of subunits A and B. The A unit has catalytic properties, whereas the B unit is responsible for binding to the target structure.
In total, PT consists of six subunits, consisting of the proteins S1 to S5 . S1 corresponds to the A unit with the catalytic activity. The B-unit is formed from the total of sub-units S2 to S5 with two S4 . PT thus binds to specific sugar structures of the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, but also of defense cells. It is taken up into the cells through endocytosis.
The A unit then catalyzes the transfer of an ADP- ribosyl residue from NAD to a cysteine residue of the inhibitory Gα protein , which disrupts its function. The result is that adenylate cyclase can no longer be inhibited and the cAMP level in the cell increases. This can damage the cell in a number of ways.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Cherry JD: Historical Perspective on Pertussis and Use of Vaccines to Prevent It Archived from the original on June 23, 2011. Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Microbe Magazine . March 2007. Retrieved August 3, 2017.
- ↑ Parton R: Review of the biology of Bordetella pertussis . In: Biologicals . 27, No. 2, June 1999, pp. 71-6. doi : 10.1006 / biol.1999.0182 . PMID 10600186 .
- ↑ Carbonetti N: Pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase toxin: key virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis and cell biology tools . In: Future Microbiol. . 5, No. 2, March 2010, pp. 455-469.