Peter Riess
Peter Theophil Riess , also Peter Gottlieb Riess, (born June 27, 1804 in Berlin ; † October 23, 1883 ibid) was a German-Jewish physicist .
Life
As the son of the jeweler David Jacob Riess (1768–1849), Riess was able to pursue his physical examinations as a private individual throughout his life. In 1842 he was the first Jew to be confirmed by the king as a member of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences , against the vote of the responsible minister of education, Friedrich Eichhorn .
After some smaller work on terrestrial magnetism and magnetism , Riess turned to the study of static electricity, to which he devoted almost all of his work since 1836. A master of experiments in this difficult field, Riess built the experimental side of the doctrine of static electricity substantially through his work on the distribution of electricity on conductors, electrical influence, the discharge of electricity, the effects of the discharges, especially the effect of heat out. His two-volume work The Doctrine of Friction Electricity (1853) and in other treatises (Berlin 1867 and 1878) are a compilation and analysis of all experimental material collected in this area up to that point.
Peter Theophil Riess had been a member of the Society of Friends since 1824 . He was also a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1856), the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen (1856) and the Bavarian Academy of Sciences (1872).
In 1835 he married Fanny Güterbock, the daughter of the businessman Levin Isaac Güterbock . The couple had at least one daughter, Rebecca Riess (1836–1924), who married the physicist Georg Quincke in 1863 .
Awards
- 1878: Honorary doctorate from the University of Pavia
Fonts
- Diss. De telluris magnetismi mutationibus diurnis et menstruis , dissertation University of Berlin, 1831
- Riess P. (1846). About the deflection of the magnetic needle by the electric battery. Annals of Physics 143 (4): 535-540
- The theory of static electricity , 2 volumes, Berlin 1853
- Treatises on the Doctrine of Friction Electricity , 1867
- Treatises on the Doctrine of Friction Electricity , 1879
- About electric shadows , in: Wiedemann's Annalen Volume XV, 1882
For further writings see Peter Rieß (Wikisource)
literature
- Karl Ernst Hermann Krause: Riess, Peter Theophil . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 28, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1889, pp. 584-586.
- "Streiflicht 3: Peter Theophil Riess: the first Jewish academician" (PDF; 7.3 MB) in: Herbert Pieper : "Tremendous depth of thinking, unattainable insight and the rarest speed of combination." On the election of Alexander von Humboldt to the Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres in Berlin . (= Berlin manuscripts on Alexander von Humboldt research, issue 17), 4th revised. Ed., Berlin 2009, pp. 48–57.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Not in 1805, as erroneously stated in Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, 4th edition from 1888–1890; see. Information on Riess in the ADB and the authority data entry (GND 116545259 ), query date: April 16, 2017.
- ↑ See also "Streiflicht 3: Peter Theophil Riess: the first Jewish member of the academy" (PDF; 7.3 MB) in: Herbert Pieper : "Unbelievable depth of thought, unattainable insight and the rarest speed of combination." On the election of Alexander von Humboldt to the Académie Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres in Berlin . (= Berlin manuscripts on Alexander von Humboldt research, issue 17), 4th revised. Ed., Berlin 2009, pp. 48–57.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Riess, Peter |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Riess, Peter Theophil; Riess, Peter Gottlieb |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German physicist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 27, 1804 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Berlin |
| DATE OF DEATH | October 23, 1883 |
| Place of death | Berlin |