Bodenmais parish church

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Parish Church of the Assumption in Bodenmais

The Catholic parish church of the Assumption of Mary in Bodenmais , a market town in the Regen district in the administrative district of Lower Bavaria , belongs to the parish of the same name in the Viechtach deanery of the Regensburg diocese .

history

Since it was founded at the end of the 13th century, the mining town of Bodenmais has received pastoral care first from Arnbruck , then from Böbrach . Although there is no reference to a formal establishment of the parish, the year 1652 is often seen as the year of foundation. A first church is mentioned for the first time in 1531. It stood on the north-eastern edge of the market square, today's Artinger estate, Kötztinger Straße 4. In 1693, Bodenmais, the mountain chaplain Alexius Fuchs, has its own priest for the first time. Fuchs and his successors are initially referred to as "mountain chaplains". So you are responsible for the salvation of the miners' souls, and less independent pastors of their own parish.

Very little has survived from the first Bodenmaiser church. A major expansion or a new building must have taken place around the year 1700. It remains to be seen whether the Loreto chapel, which was added to the church in 1701/1702, was also built in the course of these measures. But already in the last half of the 18th century there were increasing reports that this place of worship was supposed to be in poor condition. In 1804, the previous church was released for demolition and the new building began elsewhere, in the middle of the market square. Between 1874 and 1876 the church was redesigned in the historicist style by Heinrich Oesterer from Bad Kötzting through decorative painting and the implementation of ceiling frescoes in the nave and choir room. A planned expansion of the church, which had meanwhile become too small, in 1914 made the First World War and the subsequent currency devaluation a thing of the past. In 1924 a neo-baroque redesign took place, which completely replaced the historicist appearance.

Building description

Although the church underwent a significant change as a result of the expansion in the 20th century, the interior appearance is consistently harmonious. The nave has three aisles with barrel vaults. The lower arcades and gallery openings correspond to the lower arched windows with oculi placed over them. Instead of the former choir, a mighty octagonal building widens the space, which is lit by two arched windows above the side altars. The dome vault has strong stitch caps and a large circular opening. The tower on the east side of the church with a height of 32 m is divided into three floors and is crowned by a helmet.

The church is not oriented to the east, but to the (south) west. Although the traditional orientation to the east would have been possible when it was built in 1804/1805, it was decided against it. This was the subject of numerous controversies between the pastor at the time and the Electoral Mining and Court Market Office responsible for the construction. Pastor Johann Wolfgang Stangl complained in 1804 that the church was "built against the setting of the sun". Reasons for this decision were not given at the time. However, the explanation that is still popular today seems plausible. As a result, the west of the church means that the priest always gives the blessing in the direction of the Silberberg in the east, i.e. blesses the livelihood of the Bodenmaiser.

Furnishing

Bodenmais parish church: View from the nave to the high altar

Only a few pieces were taken over from the previous church, including the crucifix with the painful Mother of God and John and the statues of Saints Barbara, Sebastian, Wolfgang, Benno and Joseph. The other pieces of equipment come from the secularized monasteries of Oberalteich and Niederalteich . After they did not agree to the publication, the royal provincial administration ordered on January 13, 1806:

“That of the three dispensable altars and 2 confessionals that are available in Oberalteich, the 8 candlesticks, 6 kisses, 6 bell jars, two soft well stones, 3 mass books, 5 vespers, 1 tabernacle, 1 capsule with loh, should also be arranged as dispensable. Baptist to the newly built church in Bodenmais against a certificate! "

High altar

The baroque high altar, like the side altars, comes from the Oberalteich monastery church . Two winding pillars on chairs stand in front of the four other smooth pillars. Instead of an altarpiece, there is a lambrequin canopy with fabric draperies in the niche, which surrounds the baroque replica of the miraculous image of Loreto. The console for the miraculous image is disguised by flat, carved clouds. The figures of St. Joachim and St. Anna stand on the side passages with curved arches and volute decoration.

Miraculous image

The miraculous image of Maria Loreto in the high altar

The wood-carved miraculous image is a replica of the miraculous Madonna of Loreto and measures 114 cm. Mary, standing upright, carries the baby Jesus on her left arm. This raises the right hand in a gesture of blessing and carries the globe in the left. The skin areas of mother and child are blackened, like that of the original in Loreto.

The miraculous image of Maria Loreto is a gift from Elector Maximilian II Emanuel . The transfer of the miraculous image in 1705 is the subject of numerous legends and continues to have an effect in the annual “Bennofest” to this day. Mountain chaplain Andreas Probizer reported in 1722:

“Anno 1705. Festo S: Bennonis is alhisiges gracious image Our women of Loreto of Munich were brought alhero. NB: At Pebrach it was meanwhile every day in the church, and although another proclamation was not known because of the heavy rainy weather, it had to be brought anhero. Finally, however, Podenmais did not want to live any longer without their anhero-owed grace, they have finally decided to bring something in with such rainy weather that has been present for them, they also went out from here processionaliter under hay rains, and since they raised such things to Pebrach, so did An equally instantaneous today is evident in the firament that everyone is amazed at the most, and has been clothed with an indescribable number of people from the surrounding pastors so then Solennissime alhero. Ita Andreas Probizer 1722 p: t: Parochus Loci "

A miracle of translation (= miracle of transfer) is therefore associated with the image of grace. Although Probitzer himself was not an eyewitness to what happened, there are some reasons to believe that his report should be believed. Regardless of this, the transfer of the miraculous image to Bodenmais was the beginning of a lively pilgrimage that extends into the present day.

Side altars

The two side altars also come from the Oberalteich monastery church and stylistically form a unit. The right side altar is dedicated to St. Consecrated to Joseph. The extract is from the 19th century and shows St. Aloisius of Gonzaga. The left side altar contains a figure of Immaculata, which probably originally stood in the high altar. Both altars have undergone two major modifications: when they were installed in the narrow aisles in 1805 and when the building was extended in 1956. The right side altar houses a holy grave in the altar hall.

Ceiling painting

In 1924, Josef Wittmann created the large ceiling fresco in the nave showing the transfer of the miraculous image in 1705. It extends the length of the entire ship and shows a surrounding composition. Against the background of the church in Maisried, girls in costume carry a rack with the miraculous image. The procession is accompanied by clergymen, acolytes, men and women in traditional costumes and miners with flags. Mary appears in a cloud opening in the middle with the baby Jesus on her arm. The theme of the painting refers to the legendary transmission of the miraculous image, which is celebrated every year in the St. Bennofest.

Josef Wittmann, who designed numerous churches, especially in eastern Bavaria, probably created his main work in Bodenmais. At the same time as the ceiling of the nave was being painted, Wittmann also created the ceiling fresco in the choir, which showed the Assumption of Mary into heaven. It was destroyed when the church was expanded in 1956.

  • Josef Wittmann (1924): Ceiling fresco in the Bodenmais parish church

  • Ceiling fresco: Transfer of the miraculous image (detail)

pulpit

The pulpit was made in 1812 by the carpenter Georg Dachs from Linden (Regen district). Stylistically, the Predigtstuhl can still be classified entirely in the late Baroque. Archangel Michael crowning the sound cover comes from the previous pulpit, which was brought to Bodenmais from the Gaishausen branch church in 1806.

Confessionals

The two confessionals in the rear nave were made around 1740 and, like the high altar and side altars, come from the Oberalteich monastery church. They have three doors with a curved floor plan and carved shell-work attachments. At the end there are psalm quotes and paintings by King David (left aisle) and King Solomon (right aisle), which refer to penance and forgiveness. The third confessional, which is located on the left in the extension, was only created in 1989 by the Preis company in Parsberg.

organ

In 1806 the organ was transferred from the secularized Franciscan Church Kelheim with 12 registers to Bodenmais. In 1943 the previous organ was replaced by a new pneumatic structure from the company Weise, Plattling. However, the church space, which has been significantly enlarged since the extension, is only filled with difficulty by this instrument.

Extension 1956

Image of grace in the parish church of Bodenmais: here in a red robe at Pentecost

In the years 1955/56 the parish church was extended by an uneven octagon instead of the previous choir. The extended church space was consecrated on June 16, 1958, St. Bennotag, by Auxiliary Bishop Josef Hiltl . The altars were taken over from the former choir in the new building.

The ceiling fresco of the Assumption by Josef Wittmann was lost due to the expansion . Instead, Gottfried Gerstl created a dome ceiling painting in 1959 that showed God the Father at the center of some Marian events.

Renovation 1983–1989

The parish church was renovated in several construction phases between 1983 and 1989. In the course of these measures, the new celebration altar and the ambo were created by the Parsberg company Preis, which are stylistically based on the Baroque and show two Emaus scenes. In addition, the church interior received a significant change through the installation of two windows above the side altars. A lantern was created over the edge of the domed octagon. In addition, it was decided to whitewash the ceiling painting in the dome and replace it with a baroque stucco frame. In addition, the seating was renewed, which is based on the previous seating that was lost in 1955.

The large crystal chandelier in an octagon with 126 light bulbs and a total weight of over 300 kg and the eight smaller chandeliers in the nave are a gift from Josef Kagerbauer senior. from the Bodenmaiser company Joska .

St. Benno Festival

An important highlight in parish life is the annual St. Benno Festival. The transfer of the miraculous image from Böbrach to Bodenmais is commemorated on the feast day of St. Benno (June 16) in 1705. This event soon became the main day of the Bodenmaiser pilgrimage. The focus is on the large procession with the miraculous image through the market. The procession has been shaped for centuries by the miners and smelters. Since the liquidation of the Bodenmaiser mine (1953/1962), this tradition has lived on through the miners 'chapel and the wearing of the miraculous image by members of the miners' association.

A secular St. Benno folk festival has been celebrated on the sports field since 1950.

Guest pastoral care

Since Bodenmais is one of the most popular holiday resorts in Bavaria, numerous guests also visit the parish church of the Assumption of Mary. Different church tours are offered regularly. Exhibitions, concerts and other events complete the program for holiday guests.

literature

  • Kath. Pfarramt Bodenmais (ed.): Parish and church “Mariä Himmelfahrt” in Bodenmais (1693–1989) , Bodenmais 1989.
  • Reinhard Haller: "To the glory of God and the workers in our mine for consolation and benefit ...". Filialkirche-Bergkaplanei-Pfarrei Bodenmais (1531–1804) In: Bodenmaiser Bauerntheater (Hrsg.): Bodenmaiser parish jubilees 2005. Volume 1 , Bodenmais 2004.
  • Reinhard Haller: "And hear with amazement ...". 300 years of pilgrimage “Maria Loreto” in Bodenmais (1705–2005) In: Förderverein Bodenmaiser History and Cultural Monuments eV (Ed.): Bodenmaiser parish jubilees 2005. Volume 2 , Bodenmais 2005.
  • Reinhard Haller: "And also built against the setting of the sun". 200 years of the Catholic parish church »Assumption of Mary« (1805–2005), With a history of the parish of Bodenmais (1805–2005) In: Katholisches Pfarramt Bodenmais (Ed.): Bodenmaiser parish jubilees 2005. Volume 2 , Bodenmais 2005.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ This year of foundation is based solely on the church bill for Bodenmais, which was first prepared for the year 1652/53. The subsequent conflicts with the responsible (?) Pastor of Böbrach with regard to parish responsibility suggest, however, that an actually formally valid parish was not founded.
  2. ↑ Reinhard Haller: "The honor of God and the workers who are in our mine for consolation and benefit ...". Filialkirche-Bergkaplanei-Parish Bodenmais (1531–1804) . In: Bodenmaiser Bauerntheater (ed.): Bodenmaiser parish jubilees 2005 . tape 1 . Bodenmais 2004, p. 13 ff .
  3. ↑ Reinhard Haller: "The honor of God and the workers who are in our mine for consolation and benefit ...". Filialkirche-Bergkaplanei-Parish Bodenmais (1531–1804) . In: Bodenmaiser Bauerntheater (ed.): Bodenmaiser parish jubilees 2005 . tape 1 . Bodenmais 2004, p. 43 .
  4. ↑ Reinhard Haller: "The honor of God and the workers who are in our mine for consolation and benefit ...". Filialkirche-Bergkaplanei-Parish Bodenmais (1531–1804) . In: Bodenmaiser Bauerntheater (ed.): Bodenmaiser parish jubilees 2005 . tape 1 . Bodenmais 2004, p. 126 .
  5. ↑ Reinhard Haller: "... and built against the setting of the sun". 200 years of the Catholic parish church "Mariä Himmelfahrt" (1805–2005) With a history of the parish of Bodenmais (1805–2005) . In: Katholisches Pfarramt Bodenmais (Ed.): Bodenmaiser Pfarrjubilee 2005 . No. 3 . Bodenmais 2005, p. 62 ff .
  6. ↑ quoted from: Reinhard Haller: "... and, moreover, built against the setting of the sun". 200 years of the Catholic parish church "Mariä Himmelfahrt" (1805–2005) With a history of the parish of Bodenmais (1805–2005) . In: Katholisches Pfarramt Bodenmais (Ed.): Bodenmaiser Pfarrjubilee 2005 . No. 3 . Bodenmais 2005, p. 27 .
  7. ↑ Reinhard Haller: "... and built against the setting of the sun". 200 years of the Catholic parish church "Mariä Himmelfahrt" (1805–2005) With a history of the parish of Bodenmais (1805–2005) . In: Katholisches Pfarramt Bodenmais (Ed.): Bodenmaiser Pfarrjubilee 2005 . No. 3 . Bodenmais 2005, p. 27 ff .
  8. ↑ Reinhard Haller: "... and built against the setting of the sun". 200 years of the Catholic parish church "Mariä Himmelfahrt" (1805–2005) With a history of the parish of Bodenmais (1805–2005) . In: Katholisches Pfarramt Bodenmais (Ed.): Bodenmaiser Pfarrjubilee 2005 . No. 3 . Bodenmais 2005, p. 32 .
  9. ↑ quoted from: Reinhard Haller: "... and, moreover, built against the setting of the sun". 200 years of the Catholic parish church "Mariä Himmelfahrt" (1805–2005) With a history of the parish of Bodenmais (1805–2005) . In: Katholisches Pfarramt Bodenmais (Ed.): Bodenmaiser Pfarrjubilee 2005 . No. 3 . Bodenmais 2005, p. 41 .
  10. ↑ quoted from: Reinhard Haller: "... and, moreover, built against the setting of the sun". 200 years of the Catholic parish church "Mariä Himmelfahrt" (1805–2005) With a history of the parish of Bodenmais (1805–2005) . In: Katholisches Pfarramt Bodenmais (Ed.): Bodenmaiser Pfarrjubilee 2005 . No. 3 . Bodenmais 2005, p. 41 ff .
  11. ↑ Reinhard Haller: “And hear with amazement”. 300 years of pilgrimage “Maria Loreto” in Bodenmais (1705–2005) . In: Förderverein Bodenmaiser history and cultural monuments eV (Ed.): Bodenmaiser parish jubilees 2005 . tape 3 . Bodenmais 2005, p. 22 .
  12. ↑ A donation by Maximilian II Emanuel has not yet been proven by relevant sources. Earlier gifts from the elector, who himself was an admirer of the so-called Loreto Madonna, as well as the oral narrative tradition suggest this. The year of the donation, 1705, remains questionable, as the elector was in exile at that time. The year 1701 is more likely: a wayside shrine in Bodenmais near the school building, which shows a Loreto Madonna, is dated to the year 1701. In addition, the construction of a “Lauretan Chapel” begins in Bodenmais in 1701, in which the miraculous image will be kept for the next 100 years.
  13. ↑ Reinhard Haller: “And hear with amazement”. 300 years of pilgrimage “Maria Loreto” in Bodenmais (1705–2005) . In: Förderverein Bodenmaiser history and cultural monuments eV (Ed.): Bodenmaiser parish jubilees 2005 . tape 3 . Bodenmais 2005, p. 14th f .
  14. ↑ Reinhard Haller: "... and built against the setting of the sun". 200 years of the Catholic parish church "Mariä Himmelfahrt" (1805–2005) With a history of the parish of Bodenmais (1805–2005) . In: Katholisches Pfarramt Bodenmais (Ed.): Bodenmaiser Pfarrjubilee 2005 . No. 3 . Bodenmais 2005, p. 43 .
  15. ^ Güntner, Johann: The parish church . In: Katholisches Pfarramt Bodenmais (ed.): Parish and church “Mariä Himmelfahrt” in Bodenmais 1693–1989 . Bodenmais 1989, p. 23–32, here 25 f .
  16. ^ Hans Christian Ries: Josef Wittmann (1880-1968). Neo-Baroque painter . Lindenberg 2017, p. 50 .
  17. ↑ Reinhard Haller: "... and built against the setting of the sun". 200 years of the Catholic parish church "Mariä Himmelfahrt" (1805–2005) With a history of the parish of Bodenmais (1805–2005) . In: Katholisches Pfarramt Bodenmais (Ed.): Bodenmaiser Pfarrjubilee 2005 . No. 3 . Bodenmais 2005, p. 44 f .
  18. ↑ Reinhard Haller: "... and built against the setting of the sun". 200 years of the Catholic parish church "Mariä Himmelfahrt" (1805–2005) With a history of the parish of Bodenmais (1805–2005) . In: Katholisches Pfarramt Bodenmais (Ed.): Bodenmaiser Pfarrjubilee 2005 . No. 3 . Bodenmais 2005, p. 45 f .
  19. ↑ Reinhard Haller: "... and built against the setting of the sun". 200 years of the Catholic parish church "Mariä Himmelfahrt" (1805–2005) With a history of the parish of Bodenmais (1805–2005) . In: Katholisches Pfarramt Bodenmais (Ed.): Bodenmaiser Pfarrjubilee 2005 . No. 3 . Bodenmais 2005, p. 48 f .
  20. ↑ Reinhard Haller: "... and built against the setting of the sun". 200 years of the Catholic parish church "Mariä Himmelfahrt" (1805–2005) With a history of the parish of Bodenmais (1805–2005) . In: Katholisches Pfarramt Bodenmais (Ed.): Bodenmaiser Pfarrjubilee 2005 . No. 3 . Bodenmais 2005, p. 71 ff .
  21. ↑ Reinhard Haller: "... and built against the setting of the sun". 200 years of the Catholic parish church "Mariä Himmelfahrt" (1805–2005) With a history of the parish of Bodenmais (1805–2005) . In: Katholisches Pfarramt Bodenmais (Ed.): Bodenmaiser Pfarrjubilee 2005 . No. 3 . Bodenmais 2005, p. 80 ff .
  22. ^ Josef Berzl: Repair of the parish church (1983-1989) . In: Katholisches Pfarramt Bodenmais (ed.): Parish and church “Mariä Himmelfahrt” in Bodenmais 1693–1989 . Bodenmais 1989, p. 132–145, here 132 ff .
  23. ↑ Reinhard Haller: "... and built against the setting of the sun". 200 years of the Catholic parish church "Mariä Himmelfahrt" (1805–2005) With a history of the parish of Bodenmais (1805–2005) . In: Katholisches Pfarramt Bodenmais (Ed.): Bodenmaiser Pfarrjubilee 2005 . No. 3 . Bodenmais 2005, p. 84 .
  24. ↑ Reinhard Haller: “And hear with amazement”. 300 years of pilgrimage “Maria Loreto” in Bodenmais (1705–2005) . In: Förderverein Bodenmaiser history and cultural monuments eV (Ed.): Bodenmaiser parish jubilees 2005 . tape 3 . Bodenmais 2005, p. 129 ff .

Coordinates: 49 ° 4 ′ 0 ″  N , 13 ° 5 ′ 59.6 ″  E